عسكر

Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek-

Proto-Indo-European *-seti

Proto-Indo-European *h₂lékseti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrákšati

Proto-Iranian *karah

Middle Persian lšklbor.?

Arabic عسكر

Probably from Middle Persian lškl (/⁠laškar⁠/) with the -l- interpreted as the Arabic article ال (al-). Compare modern Persian لشکر (laškar). Alternatively and less likely, from Latin exercitus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕas.kar/

Noun

عَسْكَر • (ʕaskar) m (plural عَسَاكِر (ʕasākir))

1. army, soldiers

Declension

Declension of noun عَسْكَر (ʕaskar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَسْكَر ʕaskar	الْعَسْكَر al-ʕaskar	عَسْكَر ʕaskar
Nominative	عَسْكَرٌ ʕaskarun	الْعَسْكَرُ al-ʕaskaru	عَسْكَرُ ʕaskaru
Accusative	عَسْكَرًا ʕaskaran	الْعَسْكَرَ al-ʕaskara	عَسْكَرَ ʕaskara
Genitive	عَسْكَرٍ ʕaskarin	الْعَسْكَرِ al-ʕaskari	عَسْكَرِ ʕaskari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَسْكَرَيْن ʕaskarayn	الْعَسْكَرَيْن al-ʕaskarayn	عَسْكَرَيْ ʕaskaray
Nominative	عَسْكَرَانِ ʕaskarāni	الْعَسْكَرَانِ al-ʕaskarāni	عَسْكَرَا ʕaskarā
Accusative	عَسْكَرَيْنِ ʕaskarayni	الْعَسْكَرَيْنِ al-ʕaskarayni	عَسْكَرَيْ ʕaskaray
Genitive	عَسْكَرَيْنِ ʕaskarayni	الْعَسْكَرَيْنِ al-ʕaskarayni	عَسْكَرَيْ ʕaskaray
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَسَاكِر ʕasākir	الْعَسَاكِر al-ʕasākir	عَسَاكِر ʕasākir
Nominative	عَسَاكِرُ ʕasākiru	الْعَسَاكِرُ al-ʕasākiru	عَسَاكِرُ ʕasākiru
Accusative	عَسَاكِرَ ʕasākira	الْعَسَاكِرَ al-ʕasākira	عَسَاكِرَ ʕasākira
Genitive	عَسَاكِرَ ʕasākira	الْعَسَاكِرِ al-ʕasākiri	عَسَاكِرِ ʕasākiri

Derived terms

• عَسْكَرِيّ (ʕaskariyy)

Descendants

• Andalusian Arabic: عَسْكَر
• → Classical Syriac: ܥܣܟܪ (ʿaskar)
• → Kamviri: askar
• → Persian: عسکر ('askar)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: عسكر (asker)
    • Turkish: asker
    • → Azerbaijani: əsgər
    • → Bashkir: ғәскәр (ğəskər)
    • → Armenian: ասկեր (asker), ասքար (askʻar), ասկյար (askyar)
    • → Bulgarian: аске́р (askér)
    • → Crimean Tatar: asker
    • → Greek: ασκέρι (askéri)
    • ⇒ Indonesian: laskar
    • → Kazakh: әскер (äsker)
    • → Kyrgyz: аскер (asker)
    • → Ladino: asker
    • → Laz: ასქერი (askeri), ასკერი (asǩeri) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni
    • → Malay:

      Latin script: askar

      Arabic script: عسکر

    • → Macedonian: аскер (asker)
    • ⇒ Northern Kurdish: leşker
    • → Russian: аске́р (askér), эске́р (eskér)
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: а̏скер

      Latin script: ȁsker

    • → Tajik: аскар (askar)
    • → Tatar: гаскәр (ğaskär)
    • → Turkmen: esger
    • → Uyghur: ئەسكەر (esker)
    • → Uzbek: askar
• → Polish: asker
• → Swedish: askar
• → Zazaki: esker

Verb

عَسْكَرَ • (ʕaskara) Iq (non-past يُعَسْكِرُ (yuʕaskiru), verbal noun عَسْكَرَة (ʕaskara))

1. to militarize
2. to encamp

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عَسْكَرَ (Iq, sound, full passive, verbal noun عَسْكَرَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عَسْكَرَة ʕaskara
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُعَسْكِر muʕaskir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُعَسْكَر muʕaskar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَسْكَرْتُ ʕaskartu	عَسْكَرْتَ ʕaskarta	عَسْكَرَ ʕaskara		عَسْكَرْتُمَا ʕaskartumā	عَسْكَرَا ʕaskarā		عَسْكَرْنَا ʕaskarnā	عَسْكَرْتُمْ ʕaskartum	عَسْكَرُوا ʕaskarū
	f		عَسْكَرْتِ ʕaskarti	عَسْكَرَتْ ʕaskarat			عَسْكَرَتَا ʕaskaratā			عَسْكَرْتُنَّ ʕaskartunna	عَسْكَرْنَ ʕaskarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَسْكِرُ ʔuʕaskiru	تُعَسْكِرُ tuʕaskiru	يُعَسْكِرُ yuʕaskiru		تُعَسْكِرَانِ tuʕaskirāni	يُعَسْكِرَانِ yuʕaskirāni		نُعَسْكِرُ nuʕaskiru	تُعَسْكِرُونَ tuʕaskirūna	يُعَسْكِرُونَ yuʕaskirūna
	f		تُعَسْكِرِينَ tuʕaskirīna	تُعَسْكِرُ tuʕaskiru			تُعَسْكِرَانِ tuʕaskirāni			تُعَسْكِرْنَ tuʕaskirna	يُعَسْكِرْنَ yuʕaskirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَسْكِرَ ʔuʕaskira	تُعَسْكِرَ tuʕaskira	يُعَسْكِرَ yuʕaskira		تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā	يُعَسْكِرَا yuʕaskirā		نُعَسْكِرَ nuʕaskira	تُعَسْكِرُوا tuʕaskirū	يُعَسْكِرُوا yuʕaskirū
	f		تُعَسْكِرِي tuʕaskirī	تُعَسْكِرَ tuʕaskira			تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā			تُعَسْكِرْنَ tuʕaskirna	يُعَسْكِرْنَ yuʕaskirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَسْكِرْ ʔuʕaskir	تُعَسْكِرْ tuʕaskir	يُعَسْكِرْ yuʕaskir		تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā	يُعَسْكِرَا yuʕaskirā		نُعَسْكِرْ nuʕaskir	تُعَسْكِرُوا tuʕaskirū	يُعَسْكِرُوا yuʕaskirū
	f		تُعَسْكِرِي tuʕaskirī	تُعَسْكِرْ tuʕaskir			تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā			تُعَسْكِرْنَ tuʕaskirna	يُعَسْكِرْنَ yuʕaskirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَسْكِرْ ʕaskir			عَسْكِرَا ʕaskirā				عَسْكِرُوا ʕaskirū
	f		عَسْكِرِي ʕaskirī							عَسْكِرْنَ ʕaskirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُسْكِرْتُ ʕuskirtu	عُسْكِرْتَ ʕuskirta	عُسْكِرَ ʕuskira		عُسْكِرْتُمَا ʕuskirtumā	عُسْكِرَا ʕuskirā		عُسْكِرْنَا ʕuskirnā	عُسْكِرْتُمْ ʕuskirtum	عُسْكِرُوا ʕuskirū
	f		عُسْكِرْتِ ʕuskirti	عُسْكِرَتْ ʕuskirat			عُسْكِرَتَا ʕuskiratā			عُسْكِرْتُنَّ ʕuskirtunna	عُسْكِرْنَ ʕuskirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَسْكَرُ ʔuʕaskaru	تُعَسْكَرُ tuʕaskaru	يُعَسْكَرُ yuʕaskaru		تُعَسْكَرَانِ tuʕaskarāni	يُعَسْكَرَانِ yuʕaskarāni		نُعَسْكَرُ nuʕaskaru	تُعَسْكَرُونَ tuʕaskarūna	يُعَسْكَرُونَ yuʕaskarūna
	f		تُعَسْكَرِينَ tuʕaskarīna	تُعَسْكَرُ tuʕaskaru			تُعَسْكَرَانِ tuʕaskarāni			تُعَسْكَرْنَ tuʕaskarna	يُعَسْكَرْنَ yuʕaskarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَسْكَرَ ʔuʕaskara	تُعَسْكَرَ tuʕaskara	يُعَسْكَرَ yuʕaskara		تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā	يُعَسْكَرَا yuʕaskarā		نُعَسْكَرَ nuʕaskara	تُعَسْكَرُوا tuʕaskarū	يُعَسْكَرُوا yuʕaskarū
	f		تُعَسْكَرِي tuʕaskarī	تُعَسْكَرَ tuʕaskara			تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā			تُعَسْكَرْنَ tuʕaskarna	يُعَسْكَرْنَ yuʕaskarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَسْكَرْ ʔuʕaskar	تُعَسْكَرْ tuʕaskar	يُعَسْكَرْ yuʕaskar		تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā	يُعَسْكَرَا yuʕaskarā		نُعَسْكَرْ nuʕaskar	تُعَسْكَرُوا tuʕaskarū	يُعَسْكَرُوا yuʕaskarū
	f		تُعَسْكَرِي tuʕaskarī	تُعَسْكَرْ tuʕaskar			تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā			تُعَسْكَرْنَ tuʕaskarna	يُعَسْكَرْنَ yuʕaskarna

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عَسْكَر (ʕaskar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕas.kar/

Noun

عسكر • (ʕaskar) m

1. armed forces, soldiers

Derived terms

• عسكري (ʕaskri)

See also

• جيش (jayš, jīš)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَسْكَر (ʕaskar, “army, soldiers”), probably from Middle Persian lškl (/⁠laškar⁠/). Doublet of لشكر (leşker, “army”).

Noun

عسكر • (ʼasker) (definite accusative عسكری (ʼaskeri), plural عساكر (ʼasakir) or عسكرلر (ʼaskerler))

1. army, a highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground operations

   Synonyms: اردو (ordu), جند (cünd), جیش (ceyiş), چری (çeri), لشكر (leşker)

2. soldier, a member of a ground-based army, of any rank, especially an enlisted one

   Synonym: چری (çeri)

   • 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎^[1], page 5:

     مرزیفون و صامسونده انكلیز عسكرلری بولونیور.

     Merzifon ve Samsun'da ingiliz askerleri bulunuyor.

     There are British soldiers in Merzifon and Samsun.

3. troop, any large group or detachment of soldiers usually commanded by a captain

Derived terms

• سرعسكر (serʼasker, “commander in chief”)
• عسكر یازمق (ʼasker yazmak, “to recruit soldiers”)
• عسكر یوقلامه‌سی (ʼasker yoklaması, “military inspection”)
• عسكرگاه (ʼaskergâh, “military camp”)
• عسكری (ʼaskeri, “military, pertaining to the army”)
• عسكریه (ʼaskeriye, “military point of view”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: asker
• → Azerbaijani: əsgər
• → Bashkir: ғәскәр (ğəskər)
• → Armenian: ասկեր (asker), ասքար (askʻar), ասկյար (askyar)
• → Bulgarian: аске́р (askér)
• → Crimean Tatar: asker
• → Greek: ασκέρι (askéri)
• ⇒ Indonesian: laskar
• → Kazakh: әскер (äsker)
• → Kyrgyz: аскер (asker)
• → Ladino: asker
• → Laz: ასქერი (askeri), ასკერი (asǩeri) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni
• → Malay:

  Latin script: askar

  Arabic script: عسکر

• → Macedonian: аскер (asker)
• ⇒ Northern Kurdish: leşker
• → Russian: аске́р (askér), эске́р (eskér)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: а̏скер

  Latin script: ȁsker

• → Tajik: аскар (askar)
• → Tatar: гаскәр (ğaskär)
• → Turkmen: esger
• → Uyghur: ئەسكەر (esker)
• → Uzbek: askar

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “asker2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 318
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “asker”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 56
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عسكر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 846
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Exercitus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 502
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عسكر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 3264
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “asker”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عسكر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1300