طپراق

Old Anatolian Turkish

Alternative forms

• طوپراق (ṭopraq), طوپراخ (ṭopraḫ), طوپراغ (ṭopraġ), طپوراق (ṭopuraq), طپرق (ṭopraq)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak; compare Bashkir тупраҡ (tupraq), Chuvash тӑпра (tăpra), Kazakh топырақ (topyraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Turkmen toprak, Uyghur تۇپراق (tupraq) and Uzbek tuproq.

Noun

طپراق • (ṭopraq) (definite accusative طپراغی (ṭopraġı), plural طپراقلر (ṭopraqlar))

1. earth, soil, ground, a mixture of mineral particles and organic material, used to support plant growth

   Synonyms: ارض (erẓ), تراب (türāb), زمین (zemīn), یر (yẹr)

2. land, terrain, a partitioned and measurable area which is owned and on which buildings can be built

   Synonyms: اراضی (erāzin), یر (yẹr)

3. country, region, territory, district, land, tract, a geographical area of considerable but indefinite extent

   Synonyms: ارض (erẓ), اولكا (ölke), ایل (ẹl), تراب (türāb), یر (yẹr)

Adjective

طپراق • (ṭopraq)

1. earthen, made of earth or mud, or made of clay

Derived terms

• طپراق اولنمق (ṭopraq olınmaq, “to make into dust”)
• طپراقدن قالدیرمق (ṭopraqdan qaldırmaq, “to resurrect”)
• طپرق یوممق (ṭopraq yummaq, “to bury”)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: torpaq
• Gagauz: toprak
• Ottoman Turkish: طوپراق (topraq), طپراق (toprak)
  • Turkish: toprak, (dialectal) topurak

Further reading

• Kanar, Mehmet (2018) Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 658
• “toprak”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “toprak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “toprak”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4872

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

طپراق • (toprak) (definite accusative طپراغی (toprağı), plural طپراقلر (topraklar))

1. Alternative spelling of طوپراق (toprak, “earth, soil, ground”)

Adjective

طپراق • (toprak)

1. Alternative spelling of طوپراق (toprak, “earthen”)

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “طپراق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 279
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “طپراق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 311b
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طپراق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 3084