شخص

See also: ش خ ص

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ش خ ص (š ḵ ṣ)
9 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.xa.sˤa/

Verb

شَخَصَ • (šaḵaṣa) I (non-past يَشْخَصُ (yašḵaṣu), verbal noun شُخُوص (šuḵūṣ))

1. to rise, to tower up
2. to become high, to become lofty
3. to rise, to ascend
4. to appear
5. to stare, to gaze
6. to be glazed over
7. to start out, to leave, to depart
8. to travel, to journey
9. to pass

Conjugation

    Conjugation of شَخَصَ (I, sound, a ~ a, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun شُخُوص)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						شُخُوص šuḵūṣ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						شَاخِص šāḵiṣ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَشْخُوص mašḵūṣ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَخَصْتُ šaḵaṣtu	شَخَصْتَ šaḵaṣta	شَخَصَ šaḵaṣa		شَخَصْتُمَا šaḵaṣtumā	شَخَصَا šaḵaṣā		شَخَصْنَا šaḵaṣnā	شَخَصْتُمْ šaḵaṣtum	شَخَصُوا šaḵaṣū
	f		شَخَصْتِ šaḵaṣti	شَخَصَتْ šaḵaṣat			شَخَصَتَا šaḵaṣatā			شَخَصْتُنَّ šaḵaṣtunna	شَخَصْنَ šaḵaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْخَصُ ʔašḵaṣu	تَشْخَصُ tašḵaṣu	يَشْخَصُ yašḵaṣu		تَشْخَصَانِ tašḵaṣāni	يَشْخَصَانِ yašḵaṣāni		نَشْخَصُ našḵaṣu	تَشْخَصُونَ tašḵaṣūna	يَشْخَصُونَ yašḵaṣūna
	f		تَشْخَصِينَ tašḵaṣīna	تَشْخَصُ tašḵaṣu			تَشْخَصَانِ tašḵaṣāni			تَشْخَصْنَ tašḵaṣna	يَشْخَصْنَ yašḵaṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْخَصَ ʔašḵaṣa	تَشْخَصَ tašḵaṣa	يَشْخَصَ yašḵaṣa		تَشْخَصَا tašḵaṣā	يَشْخَصَا yašḵaṣā		نَشْخَصَ našḵaṣa	تَشْخَصُوا tašḵaṣū	يَشْخَصُوا yašḵaṣū
	f		تَشْخَصِي tašḵaṣī	تَشْخَصَ tašḵaṣa			تَشْخَصَا tašḵaṣā			تَشْخَصْنَ tašḵaṣna	يَشْخَصْنَ yašḵaṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْخَصْ ʔašḵaṣ	تَشْخَصْ tašḵaṣ	يَشْخَصْ yašḵaṣ		تَشْخَصَا tašḵaṣā	يَشْخَصَا yašḵaṣā		نَشْخَصْ našḵaṣ	تَشْخَصُوا tašḵaṣū	يَشْخَصُوا yašḵaṣū
	f		تَشْخَصِي tašḵaṣī	تَشْخَصْ tašḵaṣ			تَشْخَصَا tašḵaṣā			تَشْخَصْنَ tašḵaṣna	يَشْخَصْنَ yašḵaṣna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِشْخَصْ išḵaṣ			اِشْخَصَا išḵaṣā				اِشْخَصُوا išḵaṣū
	f		اِشْخَصِي išḵaṣī							اِشْخَصْنَ išḵaṣna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	شُخِصَ šuḵiṣa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُشْخَصُ yušḵaṣu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُشْخَصَ yušḵaṣa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُشْخَصْ yušḵaṣ		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃax.xa.sˤa/

Verb

شَخَّصَ • (šaḵḵaṣa) II (non-past يُشَخِّصُ (yušaḵḵiṣu), verbal noun تَشْخِيص (tašḵīṣ))

1. to personify, to represent as a person, to represent as an individual
2. to specify, to identify
3. to act, to perform, to play (a part, role)
4. to diagnose (a disease)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of شَخَّصَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَشْخِيص)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَشْخِيص tašḵīṣ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُشَخِّص mušaḵḵiṣ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُشَخَّص mušaḵḵaṣ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَخَّصْتُ šaḵḵaṣtu	شَخَّصْتَ šaḵḵaṣta	شَخَّصَ šaḵḵaṣa		شَخَّصْتُمَا šaḵḵaṣtumā	شَخَّصَا šaḵḵaṣā		شَخَّصْنَا šaḵḵaṣnā	شَخَّصْتُمْ šaḵḵaṣtum	شَخَّصُوا šaḵḵaṣū
	f		شَخَّصْتِ šaḵḵaṣti	شَخَّصَتْ šaḵḵaṣat			شَخَّصَتَا šaḵḵaṣatā			شَخَّصْتُنَّ šaḵḵaṣtunna	شَخَّصْنَ šaḵḵaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَخِّصُ ʔušaḵḵiṣu	تُشَخِّصُ tušaḵḵiṣu	يُشَخِّصُ yušaḵḵiṣu		تُشَخِّصَانِ tušaḵḵiṣāni	يُشَخِّصَانِ yušaḵḵiṣāni		نُشَخِّصُ nušaḵḵiṣu	تُشَخِّصُونَ tušaḵḵiṣūna	يُشَخِّصُونَ yušaḵḵiṣūna
	f		تُشَخِّصِينَ tušaḵḵiṣīna	تُشَخِّصُ tušaḵḵiṣu			تُشَخِّصَانِ tušaḵḵiṣāni			تُشَخِّصْنَ tušaḵḵiṣna	يُشَخِّصْنَ yušaḵḵiṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَخِّصَ ʔušaḵḵiṣa	تُشَخِّصَ tušaḵḵiṣa	يُشَخِّصَ yušaḵḵiṣa		تُشَخِّصَا tušaḵḵiṣā	يُشَخِّصَا yušaḵḵiṣā		نُشَخِّصَ nušaḵḵiṣa	تُشَخِّصُوا tušaḵḵiṣū	يُشَخِّصُوا yušaḵḵiṣū
	f		تُشَخِّصِي tušaḵḵiṣī	تُشَخِّصَ tušaḵḵiṣa			تُشَخِّصَا tušaḵḵiṣā			تُشَخِّصْنَ tušaḵḵiṣna	يُشَخِّصْنَ yušaḵḵiṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَخِّصْ ʔušaḵḵiṣ	تُشَخِّصْ tušaḵḵiṣ	يُشَخِّصْ yušaḵḵiṣ		تُشَخِّصَا tušaḵḵiṣā	يُشَخِّصَا yušaḵḵiṣā		نُشَخِّصْ nušaḵḵiṣ	تُشَخِّصُوا tušaḵḵiṣū	يُشَخِّصُوا yušaḵḵiṣū
	f		تُشَخِّصِي tušaḵḵiṣī	تُشَخِّصْ tušaḵḵiṣ			تُشَخِّصَا tušaḵḵiṣā			تُشَخِّصْنَ tušaḵḵiṣna	يُشَخِّصْنَ yušaḵḵiṣna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شَخِّصْ šaḵḵiṣ			شَخِّصَا šaḵḵiṣā				شَخِّصُوا šaḵḵiṣū
	f		شَخِّصِي šaḵḵiṣī							شَخِّصْنَ šaḵḵiṣna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُخِّصْتُ šuḵḵiṣtu	شُخِّصْتَ šuḵḵiṣta	شُخِّصَ šuḵḵiṣa		شُخِّصْتُمَا šuḵḵiṣtumā	شُخِّصَا šuḵḵiṣā		شُخِّصْنَا šuḵḵiṣnā	شُخِّصْتُمْ šuḵḵiṣtum	شُخِّصُوا šuḵḵiṣū
	f		شُخِّصْتِ šuḵḵiṣti	شُخِّصَتْ šuḵḵiṣat			شُخِّصَتَا šuḵḵiṣatā			شُخِّصْتُنَّ šuḵḵiṣtunna	شُخِّصْنَ šuḵḵiṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَخَّصُ ʔušaḵḵaṣu	تُشَخَّصُ tušaḵḵaṣu	يُشَخَّصُ yušaḵḵaṣu		تُشَخَّصَانِ tušaḵḵaṣāni	يُشَخَّصَانِ yušaḵḵaṣāni		نُشَخَّصُ nušaḵḵaṣu	تُشَخَّصُونَ tušaḵḵaṣūna	يُشَخَّصُونَ yušaḵḵaṣūna
	f		تُشَخَّصِينَ tušaḵḵaṣīna	تُشَخَّصُ tušaḵḵaṣu			تُشَخَّصَانِ tušaḵḵaṣāni			تُشَخَّصْنَ tušaḵḵaṣna	يُشَخَّصْنَ yušaḵḵaṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَخَّصَ ʔušaḵḵaṣa	تُشَخَّصَ tušaḵḵaṣa	يُشَخَّصَ yušaḵḵaṣa		تُشَخَّصَا tušaḵḵaṣā	يُشَخَّصَا yušaḵḵaṣā		نُشَخَّصَ nušaḵḵaṣa	تُشَخَّصُوا tušaḵḵaṣū	يُشَخَّصُوا yušaḵḵaṣū
	f		تُشَخَّصِي tušaḵḵaṣī	تُشَخَّصَ tušaḵḵaṣa			تُشَخَّصَا tušaḵḵaṣā			تُشَخَّصْنَ tušaḵḵaṣna	يُشَخَّصْنَ yušaḵḵaṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَخَّصْ ʔušaḵḵaṣ	تُشَخَّصْ tušaḵḵaṣ	يُشَخَّصْ yušaḵḵaṣ		تُشَخَّصَا tušaḵḵaṣā	يُشَخَّصَا yušaḵḵaṣā		نُشَخَّصْ nušaḵḵaṣ	تُشَخَّصُوا tušaḵḵaṣū	يُشَخَّصُوا yušaḵḵaṣū
	f		تُشَخَّصِي tušaḵḵaṣī	تُشَخَّصْ tušaḵḵaṣ			تُشَخَّصَا tušaḵḵaṣā			تُشَخَّصْنَ tušaḵḵaṣna	يُشَخَّصْنَ yušaḵḵaṣna

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃaxsˤ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

شَخْص • (šaḵṣ) m (plural أَشْخَاص (ʔašḵāṣ) or شُخُوص (šuḵūṣ))

1. person, individual
   • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 19:22:

     أَتَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ غَيْرَةِ سَعْدٍ؟ فَوَٱللَّٰهِ لَأَنَا أَغْيَرُ مِنْهُ، وَٱللَّهُ أَغْيَرُ مِنِّي، مِنْ أَجْلِ غَيْرَةِ اللَّهِ حَرَّمَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، وَلَا شَخْصَ أَغْيَرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا شَخْصَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ الْعُذْرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ، وَلَا شَخْصَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ الْمِدْحَةُ مِنَ اللَّهِ، مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ.

     ʔataʕjabūna min ḡayrati saʕdin? fawal-lāhi laʔanā ʔaḡyaru minhu, wal-lahu ʔaḡyaru minnī, min ʔajli ḡayrati l-lahi ḥarrama l-fawāḥiša mā ẓahara minhā wamā baṭana, walā šaḵṣa ʔaḡyaru mina l-lahi, walā šaḵṣa ʔaḥabbu ʔilayhi l-ʕuḏru mina l-lahi, min ʔajli ḏalika baʕaṯa l-lahu l-mursalīna mubašširīna wamunḏirīna, walā šaḵṣa ʔaḥabbu ʔilayhi l-midḥatu mina l-lahi, min ʔajli ḏalika waʕada l-lahu l-jannata.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • (Can we date this quote?), Umar Ibn Abi Rabī'ah, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     فَكَانَ مِجَنِّي دُونَ مَنْ كُنْتُ أَتَّقِي / ثَلَاثَ شُخُوصٍ كَاعِبَانِ وَمُعْصِرُ

     fakāna mijannī dūna man kuntu ʔattaqī / ṯalāṯa šuḵūṣin kāʕibāni wamuʕṣiru

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. figure, character

Declension

Declension of noun شَخْص (šaḵṣ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَخْص šaḵṣ	الشَّخْص aš-šaḵṣ	شَخْص šaḵṣ
Nominative	شَخْصٌ šaḵṣun	الشَّخْصُ aš-šaḵṣu	شَخْصُ šaḵṣu
Accusative	شَخْصًا šaḵṣan	الشَّخْصَ aš-šaḵṣa	شَخْصَ šaḵṣa
Genitive	شَخْصٍ šaḵṣin	الشَّخْصِ aš-šaḵṣi	شَخْصِ šaḵṣi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَخْصَيْن šaḵṣayn	الشَّخْصَيْن aš-šaḵṣayn	شَخْصَيْ šaḵṣay
Nominative	شَخْصَانِ šaḵṣāni	الشَّخْصَانِ aš-šaḵṣāni	شَخْصَا šaḵṣā
Accusative	شَخْصَيْنِ šaḵṣayni	الشَّخْصَيْنِ aš-šaḵṣayni	شَخْصَيْ šaḵṣay
Genitive	شَخْصَيْنِ šaḵṣayni	الشَّخْصَيْنِ aš-šaḵṣayni	شَخْصَيْ šaḵṣay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَشْخَاص‎; شُخُوص ʔašḵāṣ‎; šuḵūṣ	الْأَشْخَاص‎; الشُّخُوص al-ʔašḵāṣ‎; aš-šuḵūṣ	أَشْخَاص‎; شُخُوص ʔašḵāṣ‎; šuḵūṣ
Nominative	أَشْخَاصٌ‎; شُخُوصٌ ʔašḵāṣun‎; šuḵūṣun	الْأَشْخَاصُ‎; الشُّخُوصُ al-ʔašḵāṣu‎; aš-šuḵūṣu	أَشْخَاصُ‎; شُخُوصُ ʔašḵāṣu‎; šuḵūṣu
Accusative	أَشْخَاصًا‎; شُخُوصًا ʔašḵāṣan‎; šuḵūṣan	الْأَشْخَاصَ‎; الشُّخُوصَ al-ʔašḵāṣa‎; aš-šuḵūṣa	أَشْخَاصَ‎; شُخُوصَ ʔašḵāṣa‎; šuḵūṣa
Genitive	أَشْخَاصٍ‎; شُخُوصٍ ʔašḵāṣin‎; šuḵūṣin	الْأَشْخَاصِ‎; الشُّخُوصِ al-ʔašḵāṣi‎; aš-šuḵūṣi	أَشْخَاصِ‎; شُخُوصِ ʔašḵāṣi‎; šuḵūṣi

Descendants

• → Classical Persian: شَخْص (šaxṣ /⁠šaxs⁠/)
  • Persian: شخص (šaxṣ /⁠šaxs⁠/)
  • → Azerbaijani: şəxs
  • → Bashkir: шәхес (şəxes)
  • → Bengali: শখ্‌স (śokhs), আশখাস (aśokhaś)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: شخص
    • Turkish: şahıs
  • → Tatar: шәхес (şäxes)
  • → Urdu: شخص (śaxs)
• → Turkmen: şahs
• → Uyghur: شەخس (shexs)
• → Uzbek: shaxs

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَخْص (šaḵṣ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃaxs]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäxs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäxs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃäxs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃäxs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæxs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäχs]

Readings
Classical reading?	šaxs
Dari reading?	šaxs
Iranian reading?	šaxs
Tajik reading?	šaxs

Noun

Dari	شخص
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шахс

شخص • (šaxs) (plural اشخاص (ašxâs) or شخص‌ها (šaxs-hâ) or شخصان (šaxsân))

1. person, individual

Derived terms

• شخصا (šaxsan)
• شخصی (šaxsi)
• شخصیت (šaxsiyat)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَخْص (šaḵṣ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃaxsˤ/, [ʃʌxsˤ]

• Audio (Jerusalem):

  (file)

Noun

شخص • (šaḵṣ) m (plural أشخاص (ʔašḵāṣ) or شخاص (šḵāṣ))

1. person, individual
2. character (in a play, film etc.)
3. statuette, figurine

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شخص (šaxs), from Arabic شَخْص (šaḵṣ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃəxs/

Noun

شخص • (śaxs) m (Hindi spelling शख़्स)

1. person, individual