سست

Malay

Adjective

سست

1. Jawi spelling of sesat‎

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (swst' /⁠sust⁠/, “slack, lazy”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫘𐫇𐫘𐫤 (sust, “soft, slack, lax”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish sist (“weak, powerless, limp; loose, slipshod, slack”), Talysh сыс (sıs, “weak”), Sanglechi sust (“lazy”), Khwarezmian [script needed] (swst, “low, contemptible”). Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Iranian *θrusta- (“pressed forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push, thrust”), whence Old English þrēotan (“to weary”).

Compare Old Armenian շուշտ (šušt), possibly an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sust]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊst̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊst̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊst̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sust̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sost̪]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sust̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	sust
Dari reading?	sust
Iranian reading?	sost
Tajik reading?	sust

Adjective

سست • (sost) (comparative سست‌تَر (sost-tar), superlative سست‌تَرین (sost-tarin))

1. (dated, literary) feeble, weak
2. (dated, literary) soft (giving way under pressure)
3. (dated, literary) lazy, idle
4. (obsolete) slow
5. (literary) relaxed, negligent, phlegmatic

Derived terms

• سست‌عنصر (sost-o'nsor)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: süst
• → Armenian: սուստ (sust)
• → Georgian: სუსტი (susṭi)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सुस्त (sust)

  Urdu: سست (sust)

• → Middle Armenian: սուստկալ (sustkal)
• → Ottoman Turkish: سست (süst)

Further reading

• Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 467
• Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 267
• Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 412a
• Nalbandyan, G. M. (1987) “سست”, in Parskeren-hayeren baṙaran [Persian–Armenian Dictionary], Yerevan: Luys, page 347a
• Palatecʻi, Gēorg Dpir (1829) “սիւսթ”, in Baṙaran Parskerēn əst kargi haykakan aybubenicʻ [Persian Dictionary in the Order of the Armenian Alphabet] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Boghos Arabian Press, page 507b
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 78
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سست”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 681

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /sʊst̪/

Adjective

سست • (sust) (Hindi spelling सुस्त)

1. slow, sluggish

   یہ گاڑی بہت سست ہے۔ ― ye gāṛī bahut sust hai ― This car is very slow

2. lazy, leisurely, idle
3. relaxed, negligent, lethargic