ز ج ر

Arabic

Etymology

From the causative element Proto-Semitic *ša-, *š- (which is to wit found in Arabic in the elative and the verb form IV weakened to the glottal stop and zero (like the conjunction إِن (ʔin)) and as expected س (s) in the verb form X) assimilated to the root ج ر ي (j-r-y), which also happened in ز ج ل (z-j-l) and with a different root e.g. س و ي (s-w-y).

Root

ز ج ر • (z-j-r)

1. related to hindering by speech act

Derived terms

• Form I: زَجَرَ (zajara, “to restrain, to hinder especially by speech act, to check, to snub, to chide, to cry out”)
  • Verbal noun: زَجْر (zajr)
  • Active participle: زَاجِر (zājir)
  • Passive participle: مَزْجُور (mazjūr)
• Form VI: تَزَاجَرَ (tazājara, “to check or forbid or restrain one another”)
  • Verbal noun: تَزَاجُر (tazājur)
  • Active participle: مُتَزَاجِر (mutazājir)
• Form VII: اِنْزَجَرَ (inzajara, “to be restrained, to be hindered especially by speech act”)
  • Verbal noun: اِنْزِجَار (inzijār)
  • Active participle: مُنْزَجِر (munzajir)
• Form VIII: اِزْدَجَرَ (izdajara, “to be restrained, to be hindered especially by speech act; to chide, to cry out”)
  • Verbal noun: اِزْدِجَار (izdijār)
  • Active participle: مُزْدَجِر (muzdajir)
  • Passive participle: مُزْدَجَر (muzdajar)

• زَجُور (zajūr, “a camel that does not yield her milk until chidden”)
• زَجَّار (zajjār, “frequently chiding”)
• مَزْجَر (mazjar, “a place of chiding, a distanced spot as if where is when one is about to be chidden”)
• مَزْجَرَة (mazjara, “a cause of chiding”)
• زَاجِرَة (zājira, “restriction, check”)

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 577
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ز ج ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 581a
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “ز ج ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 225b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ز ج ر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 974–975
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ز ج ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1216b–1217a
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ز ج ر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 433b–434a