جرن

See also: حزن, جزن, خزن, and جزڻ

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ج ر م (j-r-m) from which جَرَمَ (jarama, “to cut off, to pick (fruits from the palm”), applied primarily for palm harvests and then in other regions without palm cultivation for corn. In the sense of a stone implement where something is fused borrowed from Aramaic גּוּרְנָה / ܓܘܽܪܢܳܐ (gurnā, “stone trough”), from Akkadian 𒄖𒊒𒌦𒉡 (/⁠gurunnu, garunnu⁠/, “a small ritual jug, urn, or basin; possibly a mortar”), from which is also Ancient Greek γοῦρνα (goûrna, “urn; basin, sink; mortar”). The sense of a threshing-floor is also found in Hebrew גורן / גֹּרֶן (gṓren, “threshing-floor”), Ugaritic 𐎂𐎗𐎐 (grn /⁠gurnu⁠/, “threshing-floor”), Akkadian 𒈠𒀝𒊏𒈾𒋾 (/⁠magrattu⁠/, “threshing-floor”), Ge'ez ጕርን, ጎርን, ጉርን (gʷərn, gorn, gurn, “threshing-floor”), Blin ወረና (wäräna, “threshing-floor”).

Alternative forms

• (threshing-floor): جَرِين (jarīn) — Ḥijāz, Yemen — جِرْن (jirn) — Yemen — مَجْرَن (majran), مِجْرَان (mijrān), مِجْرَن (mijran) — Yemen — جُرْنَة (gurna) — Morocco — جَنُّور (gannūr) — Oman
• (mortar for the kitchen): نِجْر (nijr)

Noun

جُرْن • (jurn) m (plural أَجْرَان (ʔajrān))

1. threshing-floor, surface where grain sheaves or where dates are collected, heap of harvest
2. basin, font, trough, hole where liquid retreats
3. mixing tub, mortar box, bin where plaster is compounded
4. mortar, vessel where foodstuff is ground

Declension

Declension of noun جُرْن (jurn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جُرْن jurn	الْجُرْن al-jurn	جُرْن jurn
Nominative	جُرْنٌ jurnun	الْجُرْنُ al-jurnu	جُرْنُ jurnu
Accusative	جُرْنًا jurnan	الْجُرْنَ al-jurna	جُرْنَ jurna
Genitive	جُرْنٍ jurnin	الْجُرْنِ al-jurni	جُرْنِ jurni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جُرْنَيْن jurnayn	الْجُرْنَيْن al-jurnayn	جُرْنَيْ jurnay
Nominative	جُرْنَانِ jurnāni	الْجُرْنَانِ al-jurnāni	جُرْنَا jurnā
Accusative	جُرْنَيْنِ jurnayni	الْجُرْنَيْنِ al-jurnayni	جُرْنَيْ jurnay
Genitive	جُرْنَيْنِ jurnayni	الْجُرْنَيْنِ al-jurnayni	جُرْنَيْ jurnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَجْرَان ʔajrān	الْأَجْرَان al-ʔajrān	أَجْرَان ʔajrān
Nominative	أَجْرَانٌ ʔajrānun	الْأَجْرَانُ al-ʔajrānu	أَجْرَانُ ʔajrānu
Accusative	أَجْرَانًا ʔajrānan	الْأَجْرَانَ al-ʔajrāna	أَجْرَانَ ʔajrāna
Genitive	أَجْرَانٍ ʔajrānin	الْأَجْرَانِ al-ʔajrāni	أَجْرَانِ ʔajrāni

Derived terms

• أَجْرَنَ (ʔajrana, “to collect dates in the date-heap”)

Etymology 2

From جُرْن (jurn) in the sense of being worn down, to be ground or worked metaphorically like as if by a grinding stone.

Verb

جَرَنَ • (jarana) I (non-past يَجْرُنُ (yajrunu), verbal noun جُرُون (jurūn))

1. to become threadbare and smooth, to get worn-in, to be well used
2. to become accustomed, to get used

Conjugation

    Conjugation of جَرَنَ (I, sound, a ~ u, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun جُرُون)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جُرُون jurūn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَارِن jārin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَجْرُون majrūn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَرَنْتُ jarantu	جَرَنْتَ jaranta	جَرَنَ jarana		جَرَنْتُمَا jarantumā	جَرَنَا jaranā		جَرَنَّا jarannā	جَرَنْتُمْ jarantum	جَرَنُوا jaranū
	f		جَرَنْتِ jaranti	جَرَنَتْ jaranat			جَرَنَتَا jaranatā			جَرَنْتُنَّ jarantunna	جَرَنَّ jaranna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْرُنُ ʔajrunu	تَجْرُنُ tajrunu	يَجْرُنُ yajrunu		تَجْرُنَانِ tajrunāni	يَجْرُنَانِ yajrunāni		نَجْرُنُ najrunu	تَجْرُنُونَ tajrunūna	يَجْرُنُونَ yajrunūna
	f		تَجْرُنِينَ tajrunīna	تَجْرُنُ tajrunu			تَجْرُنَانِ tajrunāni			تَجْرُنَّ tajrunna	يَجْرُنَّ yajrunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْرُنَ ʔajruna	تَجْرُنَ tajruna	يَجْرُنَ yajruna		تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	يَجْرُنَا yajrunā		نَجْرُنَ najruna	تَجْرُنُوا tajrunū	يَجْرُنُوا yajrunū
	f		تَجْرُنِي tajrunī	تَجْرُنَ tajruna			تَجْرُنَا tajrunā			تَجْرُنَّ tajrunna	يَجْرُنَّ yajrunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْرُنْ ʔajrun	تَجْرُنْ tajrun	يَجْرُنْ yajrun		تَجْرُنَا tajrunā	يَجْرُنَا yajrunā		نَجْرُنْ najrun	تَجْرُنُوا tajrunū	يَجْرُنُوا yajrunū
	f		تَجْرُنِي tajrunī	تَجْرُنْ tajrun			تَجْرُنَا tajrunā			تَجْرُنَّ tajrunna	يَجْرُنَّ yajrunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُجْرُنْ ujrun			اُجْرُنَا ujrunā				اُجْرُنُوا ujrunū
	f		اُجْرُنِي ujrunī							اُجْرُنَّ ujrunna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	جُرِنَ jurina		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُجْرَنُ yujranu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُجْرَنَ yujrana		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُجْرَنْ yujran		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

جُرْنَ • (jurna) (form I) /d͡ʒur.na/

1. inflection of جَارَ (jāra):
   1. third-person feminine plural past active
   2. second-person feminine plural imperative

Noun

جُرُن • (jurun) pl

1. plural of جَرِين (jarīn, “surface where grain sheaves or where dates are collected, heap of harvest”)
2. plural of جِرَان (jirān, “under part of the neck of a camel”)

References

• “gwrn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2005) Arabische Dialektgeographie. Eine Einführung (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 78) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 30–31
• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 356
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “جرن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 189
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 25
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “جرن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 270
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “جرن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 283
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “جرن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 414
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) “ጕርን, ጎርን, ጉርን”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 203
• Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “grn”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 305