تفنك

See also: تفنگ

Ottoman Turkish

تفنك

Alternative forms

• توفنك (tüfenk), تفك (tüfek)

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish, a Turkic onomatopoeia, Karakhanid [script needed] (tüwek) in Dīwān Luḡāt at-Turk meaning a blowpipe shooting pebbles against birds (imagined as sounding tüf!). Modern cognates include Azerbaijani tüfəng, Turkmen tüpeň and Nogai туьбек (tübek).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tyˈfɛɲc]

Noun

تفنك • (tüfenk) (plural تفنكلر (tüfenkler))

1. rifle, fusil, musket, arquebus, tophaike

   كوچك تفنك ― küçük tüfenk ― pistol

   آت تفنگی ― at tüfengi ― pistol

   آو تفنگی ― av tüfengi ― hunting-rifle

   طبنجه تفنگی ― tabanca tüfengi ― rifle with gunlock

   طالیان تفنگی ― dalyan tüfengi ― blunderbuss

   ششخانه ناملیلیو تفنك ― şeşhane namlılü tüfenk ― rifled rifle

   تفنك ناملیسی ― tüfenk namlısı ― rifle barrel

   تفنك قونداغی ― tüfenk kundağı ― rifle butt

   تفنك قبوری ― tüfenk kuburı ― pistol holster

   تفنك فندغی ― tüfenk funduğı ― bullet, dot

   تفنك گوله‌سی / نفنك گله‌سی ― tüfenk gülesi ― bullet, dot

   تفنگڭ فالیه‌سی ― tüfengün falyası ― flash pan; touch hole

   تفنك چبوغی ― tüfenk çubuğı ― gun-stick, rod for stuffing the gun with bullets

   تفنك بورغوسی ― tüfenk burğusı ― wad-hook, packing-worm, rod for extracting bullets from the gun

   تفنگی قورمق ― tüfengi kurmak ― to load the gun, to cock the rifle

   تفنگی طولدرمق ― tüfengi doldurmak ― to load the gun, to stuff the rifle

   تفنگی آتمق ― tüfengi atmak ― to launch the gun, to shoot the rifle

   تفنگی بوشتمق ― tüfengi boşatmak ― to launch the gun, to shoot the rifle, to discharge the musket

   تفنك آتیجی ― tüfenk atıcı ― musketeer, rifleman

Derived terms

• تفنكجی (tüfenkçı, “musketeer, rifleman; gunsmith”)
• تفنكلمك (tüfenklemek, “to gun down, to arquebus”)

Descendants

• Turkish: tüfek, tüfenk, tüvek (dialectal)
• → Arabic: تُفْكَة (tufka), تُفْگَه (tufga)
• → Armenian: թյուֆենկ (tʻyufenk), թյուֆենգ (tʻyufeng)
• → Middle Armenian: թուանկ (tʻuank), դֆանք (dfankʻ), թըւանկ (tʻəwank), թւանկ (tʻwank)
  • Armenian: թվանք (tʻvankʻ), թվանգ (tʻvang), թիվանգ (tʻivang), թիվանք (tʻivankʻ), թրփանգ (tʻrpʻang), թֆակ (tʻfak) — dialectal, թֆանկ (tʻfank), թֆանք (tʻfankʻ), թուֆաք (tʻufakʻ), թուֆանկ (tʻufank), դֆաք (dfakʻ), թֆաք (tʻfakʻ), թըֆակ (tʻəfak), դուֆաք (dufakʻ) — obsolete, թուանք (tʻuankʻ) — traditional orthography
• → English: tophaike
• → Greek: τουφέκι (touféki), ντουφέκι (ntouféki)
• → Khowar: [script needed] (tuvek)
• Kurdish:

  → Northern Kurdish: tifing, tifek, tifeng, tivek, tiving

  → Central Kurdish: تِفەنگ (tifeng)

  → Southern Kurdish: تِفەنگ (tifeng)

• → Ladino: tufenk (“rifle”)
• → Laz: თუჶეღი (tufeği), თუჶჶეღი (tuffeği) — alternative spellings, ტუჶეღი (ťufeği) — Arkabi
• → Macedonian: туфка (tufka, “rifle”), туфек (tufek, “rifle shot”)
• → Persian: تفنگ (tofang), تفک (tofak)
  • → Bakhtiari: تفنگ (tofang)
  • → Bashkardi:

    Minabi: تفنگ (tofang)

  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: तुफ़ंग (tufaṅg)

    Urdu: تفنگ (tufáng)

  • → Kermanic:

    Abuzeydabadi: tafang

    Abyanehi: tofang

    Hanjani, Yarandi: tefeng

  • → Pashto: تفنگ (tufáng), توپک (topák)
  • → Parachi: تفنگ (tofang)
  • → Yidgha: [script needed] (tûfuk)
• → Crimean Tatar: tüfek
• → Zazaki: tifang

Further reading

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 447
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تفنك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 387
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تفنك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, columns 1296–1298
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تفنك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 573