الاہما

Punjabi

Alternative forms

• اُلَامھا (ulāmhā), اُلَان٘بھا (ulāṉbhā)
• لاہما (lāhmā), لَان٘بھا (lāṉbhā) — colloquial

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀉𑀧𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀪 (upārambha), from Sanskrit उपालम्भ (upālambha). Cognate with Sindhi اولانڀو (olā̃bho).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) Phonetic: ulā́mā IPA^(key): /ʊ.läː˦.mäː/, [o.lä̃ː˦.mäː]
• Rhymes: -äː

Noun

اُلَاہْما • (ulāhmā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਉਲਾਹਮਾ) (Standard Punjabi)

1. complaint

   Synonyms: شِکْوَہ (śikvah), شِکایَت (śikāyat)

2. (by extension) criticism, indictment

Declension

Declension of الاہما
dir. sg.	اُلَاہْما (ulāhmā)
dir. pl.	اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme)
	singular	plural
direct	اُلَاہْما (ulāhmā)	اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme)
oblique	اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme)	اُلَاہْمیْاں (ulāhmiyāṉ)
vocative	اُلَاہْمیْا (ulāhmiyā)	اُلَاہْمیو (ulāhmeyo)
ablative	اُلَاہْمیوں (ulāhmeyoṉ)	اُلَاہْمیْاں (ulāhmiyāṉ)
locative	–	اُلَاہْمِیں (ulāhmīṉ)
instrumental	اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme)	–

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “اُلاہما”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• “ਉਲਾਹਮਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “upālambha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 108