ارتد

See also: أرتد, ازبد, and أزبد

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ر د د (r d d)
18 terms

Compare رَدَّ (radda, “to return”).

Verb

اِرْتَدَّ • (irtadda) VIII (non-past يَرْتَدُّ (yartaddu), verbal noun اِرْتِدَاد (irtidād)) (intransitive)

1. to move back quickly or forcefully
   1. to bounce back; to recoil
2. (Islam, derogatory, of a convert) to revert [with عَن (ʕan) ‘from (orthodoxy)’ and إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘to un-Islamic practices’]; to degenerate religiously; to regress; to backslide
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:217:

     وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ ٱسْتَطَاعُوا ۚ وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْآخِرَةِ

     walā yazālūna yuqātilūnakum ḥattā yaruddūkum ʕan dīnikum ʔini staṭāʕū waman yartadid minkum ʕan dīnihī fayamut wahuwa kāfirun fa-ʔulāʔika ḥabiṭat ʔaʕmāluhum fī d-dunyā wal-ʔāḵirati

     And they will yet fight you, that they may pull you back from your religion if they can. And who reverts from his religion and dies a nonbeliever, his deeds shall come to naught, in this life and the last!

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 5:54:

     يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَن يَرْتَدَّ مِنْكُمْ عَن دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي ٱللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ

     yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū man yartadda minkum ʕan dīnihi fasawfa yaʔtī llāhu biqawmin yuḥibbuhum wayuḥibbūnahu

     O you who have believed! Whoever of you switches back from his religion, Allah shall bring another people whom He loves and who love Him [in his stead].

   1. (Islam, derogatory) to turn, drift, shift, or fall away عَن (ʕan, “from”) Islam (especially openly or publicly), to leave or renounce Islam, to apostatize
3. (copulative) to become; to turn back

   Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:صار

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:96:

     فَلَمَّا أَن جَاءَ الْبَشِيرُ أَلْقَاهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَٱرْتَدَّ بَصِيرًا

     falammā ʔan jāʔa l-bašīru ʔalqāhu ʕalā wajhihi fartadda baṣīran

     And when the bringer of glad tidings came to him, he threw it on his face, and he turned sighted.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of اِرْتَدَّ (VIII, geminate, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun اِرْتِدَاد)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						اِرْتِدَاد irtidād
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُرْتَدّ murtadd
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُرْتَدّ murtadd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	اِرْتَدَدْتُ irtadadtu	اِرْتَدَدْتَ irtadadta	اِرْتَدَّ irtadda		اِرْتَدَدْتُمَا irtadadtumā	اِرْتَدَّا irtaddā		اِرْتَدَدْنَا irtadadnā	اِرْتَدَدْتُمْ irtadadtum	اِرْتَدُّوا irtaddū
	f		اِرْتَدَدْتِ irtadadti	اِرْتَدَّتْ irtaddat			اِرْتَدَّتَا irtaddatā			اِرْتَدَدْتُنَّ irtadadtunna	اِرْتَدَدْنَ irtadadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرْتَدُّ ʔartaddu	تَرْتَدُّ tartaddu	يَرْتَدُّ yartaddu		تَرْتَدَّانِ tartaddāni	يَرْتَدَّانِ yartaddāni		نَرْتَدُّ nartaddu	تَرْتَدُّونَ tartaddūna	يَرْتَدُّونَ yartaddūna
	f		تَرْتَدِّينَ tartaddīna	تَرْتَدُّ tartaddu			تَرْتَدَّانِ tartaddāni			تَرْتَدِدْنَ tartadidna	يَرْتَدِدْنَ yartadidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرْتَدَّ ʔartadda	تَرْتَدَّ tartadda	يَرْتَدَّ yartadda		تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā	يَرْتَدَّا yartaddā		نَرْتَدَّ nartadda	تَرْتَدُّوا tartaddū	يَرْتَدُّوا yartaddū
	f		تَرْتَدِّي tartaddī	تَرْتَدَّ tartadda			تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā			تَرْتَدِدْنَ tartadidna	يَرْتَدِدْنَ yartadidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرْتَدَّ, أَرْتَدِّ, أَرْتَدِدْ ʔartadda, ʔartaddi, ʔartadid	تَرْتَدَّ, تَرْتَدِّ, تَرْتَدِدْ tartadda, tartaddi, tartadid	يَرْتَدَّ, يَرْتَدِّ, يَرْتَدِدْ yartadda, yartaddi, yartadid		تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā	يَرْتَدَّا yartaddā		نَرْتَدَّ, نَرْتَدِّ, نَرْتَدِدْ nartadda, nartaddi, nartadid	تَرْتَدُّوا tartaddū	يَرْتَدُّوا yartaddū
	f		تَرْتَدِّي tartaddī	تَرْتَدَّ, تَرْتَدِّ, تَرْتَدِدْ tartadda, tartaddi, tartadid			تَرْتَدَّا tartaddā			تَرْتَدِدْنَ tartadidna	يَرْتَدِدْنَ yartadidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِرْتَدَّ, اِرْتَدِّ, اِرْتَدِدْ irtadda, irtaddi, irtadid			اِرْتَدَّا irtaddā				اِرْتَدُّوا irtaddū
	f		اِرْتَدِّي irtaddī							اِرْتَدِدْنَ irtadidna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	اُرْتُدَّ urtudda		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُرْتَدُّ yurtaddu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُرْتَدَّ yurtadda		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُرْتَدَّ, يُرْتَدِّ, يُرْتَدَدْ yurtadda, yurtaddi, yurtadad		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Derived terms

• اِرْتَدَّ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ (irtadda ʕalā ʕaqibayhi, idiom)
• اِرْتَدَّ عَلَى دُبُرِهِ (irtadda ʕalā duburihi, idiom)

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ارتد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ارتد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 2

Verb

اِرْتَدِ • (irtadi) (form VIII) /ir.ta.di/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of اِرْتَدَى (irtadā)