أرز

See also: ارز and أزر

Arabic

أَرْز – Cedrus libani subsp. libani

Etymology 1

The tree is native to the region north of Israel and Judea. Borrowed into Arabic and Ge'ez አርዝ (ʾärz) and before the pertinent vowel change into Hebrew אֶרֶז (ʾérez, “cedar”) from Aramaic אַרְזָא / ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, “cedar”), also found in Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz, “cedar”), continuing Akkadian 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /⁠erēnu, erinnu⁠/) from Sumerian 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /⁠eren⁠/), which also passed into Hittite 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /⁠herin(a)-⁠/, “cedar”) and also Hurrian 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒅎𒁉 (^GIŠe-ri-im-bi /⁠erimbi⁠/), 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒁉 (^GIŠe-ri-bi /⁠eribi⁠/, “cedar”) and thence back into a Hittite alternative form. While Rabin argues for a Hittite origin of the word, the form ʾarz recalls Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā (“juniper”), which is not remote in meaning – Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros) also means both cedar and juniper.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔarz/

Noun

أَرْز • (ʔarz) m (collective, singulative أَرْزَة f (ʔarza))

1. cedar (Cedrus gen. et spp.)
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 7, Art. 22, page 287:

     وأما غراسة الأرز وهو الذي يسمى السرول
     قال هو نوعان أحدهما يشبه الطرفاء والآخر يشبه العرعر

     About the planting of the cedar which is called cypress
     there are two kinds, one resembles the tamarisk and the other resembles the juniper.

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 34, Art. 6, pages 721–722:

     وقال غيره يتخذ لها الخلايا من خشب الأرز ومن طين طيب الريح وتطين الخلايا من خارجها برماد وأخثاء البقر مدقوق معجون بالماء ويتخذ لها بعض الناس الخلايا من قشور الشبر وتسميه العامة «جناحا»

     And another author said that for beehives cedar wood and clay of good smell is taken and the beehives are daubed from the outside with ash and cow dung powdered and kneaded with water, and some people take for beehives the barks of the cork oak, generally called “wings”.

Declension

Declension of noun أَرْز (ʔarz)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْز ʔarz	الْأَرْز al-ʔarz	أَرْز ʔarz
Nominative	أَرْزٌ ʔarzun	الْأَرْزُ al-ʔarzu	أَرْزُ ʔarzu
Accusative	أَرْزًا ʔarzan	الْأَرْزَ al-ʔarza	أَرْزَ ʔarza
Genitive	أَرْزٍ ʔarzin	الْأَرْزِ al-ʔarzi	أَرْزِ ʔarzi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَة ʔarza	الْأَرْزَة al-ʔarza	أَرْزَة ʔarzat
Nominative	أَرْزَةٌ ʔarzatun	الْأَرْزَةُ al-ʔarzatu	أَرْزَةُ ʔarzatu
Accusative	أَرْزَةً ʔarzatan	الْأَرْزَةَ al-ʔarzata	أَرْزَةَ ʔarzata
Genitive	أَرْزَةٍ ʔarzatin	الْأَرْزَةِ al-ʔarzati	أَرْزَةِ ʔarzati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَتَيْن ʔarzatayn	الْأَرْزَتَيْن al-ʔarzatayn	أَرْزَتَيْ ʔarzatay
Nominative	أَرْزَتَانِ ʔarzatāni	الْأَرْزَتَانِ al-ʔarzatāni	أَرْزَتَا ʔarzatā
Accusative	أَرْزَتَيْنِ ʔarzatayni	الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ al-ʔarzatayni	أَرْزَتَيْ ʔarzatay
Genitive	أَرْزَتَيْنِ ʔarzatayni	الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ al-ʔarzatayni	أَرْزَتَيْ ʔarzatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَات ʔarzāt	الْأَرْزَات al-ʔarzāt	أَرْزَات ʔarzāt
Nominative	أَرْزَاتٌ ʔarzātun	الْأَرْزَاتُ al-ʔarzātu	أَرْزَاتُ ʔarzātu
Accusative	أَرْزَاتٍ ʔarzātin	الْأَرْزَاتِ al-ʔarzāti	أَرْزَاتِ ʔarzāti
Genitive	أَرْزَاتٍ ʔarzātin	الْأَرْزَاتِ al-ʔarzāti	أَرْزَاتِ ʔarzāti

أَرُزّ

أَرُزّ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔa.ruzz/, /ʔu.ruzz/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

أَرُزّ or أُرُزّ • (ʔaruzz or ʔuruzz) m

1. Alternative form of رُزّ (ruzz)

Declension

Declension of noun أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz)‎; أُرُزّ (ʔuruzz)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ ʔaruzz‎; ʔuruzz	الْأَرُزّ‎; الْأُرُزّ al-ʔaruzz‎; al-ʔuruzz	أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ ʔaruzz‎; ʔuruzz
Nominative	أَرُزٌّ‎; أُرُزٌّ ʔaruzzun‎; ʔuruzzun	الْأَرُزُّ‎; الْأُرُزُّ al-ʔaruzzu‎; al-ʔuruzzu	أَرُزُّ‎; أُرُزُّ ʔaruzzu‎; ʔuruzzu
Accusative	أَرُزًّا‎; أُرُزًّا ʔaruzzan‎; ʔuruzzan	الْأَرُزَّ‎; الْأُرُزَّ al-ʔaruzza‎; al-ʔuruzza	أَرُزَّ‎; أُرُزَّ ʔaruzza‎; ʔuruzza
Genitive	أَرُزٍّ‎; أُرُزٍّ ʔaruzzin‎; ʔuruzzin	الْأَرُزِّ‎; الْأُرُزِّ al-ʔaruzzi‎; al-ʔuruzzi	أَرُزِّ‎; أُرُزِّ ʔaruzzi‎; ʔuruzzi

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: ըռուզ (əṙuz)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ارز (ürüz, erz)

Etymology 3

Of onomatopoeic origin from a ringing telephone. At its time one also employed إِرْزِيز (ʔirzīz) for the new device of a telephone.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔa.raz.za/

Verb

أَرَزَّ • (ʔarazza) IV (non-past يُرِزُّ (yurizzu), verbal noun إِرْزَاز (ʔirzāz)) (obsolete)

1. to telephone, to ring up

Conjugation

    Conjugation of أَرَزَّ (IV, geminate, full passive, verbal noun إِرْزَاز)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						إِرْزَاز ʔirzāz
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُرِزّ murizz
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُرَزّ murazz
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَرْزَزْتُ ʔarzaztu	أَرْزَزْتَ ʔarzazta	أَرَزَّ ʔarazza		أَرْزَزْتُمَا ʔarzaztumā	أَرَزَّا ʔarazzā		أَرْزَزْنَا ʔarzaznā	أَرْزَزْتُمْ ʔarzaztum	أَرَزُّوا ʔarazzū
	f		أَرْزَزْتِ ʔarzazti	أَرَزَّتْ ʔarazzat			أَرَزَّتَا ʔarazzatā			أَرْزَزْتُنَّ ʔarzaztunna	أَرْزَزْنَ ʔarzazna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرِزُّ ʔurizzu	تُرِزُّ turizzu	يُرِزُّ yurizzu		تُرِزَّانِ turizzāni	يُرِزَّانِ yurizzāni		نُرِزُّ nurizzu	تُرِزُّونَ turizzūna	يُرِزُّونَ yurizzūna
	f		تُرِزِّينَ turizzīna	تُرِزُّ turizzu			تُرِزَّانِ turizzāni			تُرْزِزْنَ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ yurzizna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرِزَّ ʔurizza	تُرِزَّ turizza	يُرِزَّ yurizza		تُرِزَّا turizzā	يُرِزَّا yurizzā		نُرِزَّ nurizza	تُرِزُّوا turizzū	يُرِزُّوا yurizzū
	f		تُرِزِّي turizzī	تُرِزَّ turizza			تُرِزَّا turizzā			تُرْزِزْنَ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ yurzizna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرِزَّ, أُرِزِّ, أُرْزِزْ ʔurizza, ʔurizzi, ʔurziz	تُرِزَّ, تُرِزِّ, تُرْزِزْ turizza, turizzi, turziz	يُرِزَّ, يُرِزِّ, يُرْزِزْ yurizza, yurizzi, yurziz		تُرِزَّا turizzā	يُرِزَّا yurizzā		نُرِزَّ, نُرِزِّ, نُرْزِزْ nurizza, nurizzi, nurziz	تُرِزُّوا turizzū	يُرِزُّوا yurizzū
	f		تُرِزِّي turizzī	تُرِزَّ, تُرِزِّ, تُرْزِزْ turizza, turizzi, turziz			تُرِزَّا turizzā			تُرْزِزْنَ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ yurzizna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		أَرِزَّ, أَرِزِّ, أَرْزِزْ ʔarizza, ʔarizzi, ʔarziz			أَرِزَّا ʔarizzā				أَرِزُّوا ʔarizzū
	f		أَرِزِّي ʔarizzī							أَرْزِزْنَ ʔarzizna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُرْزِزْتُ ʔurziztu	أُرْزِزْتَ ʔurzizta	أُرِزَّ ʔurizza		أُرْزِزْتُمَا ʔurziztumā	أُرِزَّا ʔurizzā		أُرْزِزْنَا ʔurziznā	أُرْزِزْتُمْ ʔurziztum	أُرِزُّوا ʔurizzū
	f		أُرْزِزْتِ ʔurzizti	أُرِزَّتْ ʔurizzat			أُرِزَّتَا ʔurizzatā			أُرْزِزْتُنَّ ʔurziztunna	أُرْزِزْنَ ʔurzizna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَزُّ ʔurazzu	تُرَزُّ turazzu	يُرَزُّ yurazzu		تُرَزَّانِ turazzāni	يُرَزَّانِ yurazzāni		نُرَزُّ nurazzu	تُرَزُّونَ turazzūna	يُرَزُّونَ yurazzūna
	f		تُرَزِّينَ turazzīna	تُرَزُّ turazzu			تُرَزَّانِ turazzāni			تُرْزَزْنَ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ yurzazna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَزَّ ʔurazza	تُرَزَّ turazza	يُرَزَّ yurazza		تُرَزَّا turazzā	يُرَزَّا yurazzā		نُرَزَّ nurazza	تُرَزُّوا turazzū	يُرَزُّوا yurazzū
	f		تُرَزِّي turazzī	تُرَزَّ turazza			تُرَزَّا turazzā			تُرْزَزْنَ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ yurzazna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَزَّ, أُرَزِّ, أُرْزَزْ ʔurazza, ʔurazzi, ʔurzaz	تُرَزَّ, تُرَزِّ, تُرْزَزْ turazza, turazzi, turzaz	يُرَزَّ, يُرَزِّ, يُرْزَزْ yurazza, yurazzi, yurzaz		تُرَزَّا turazzā	يُرَزَّا yurazzā		نُرَزَّ, نُرَزِّ, نُرْزَزْ nurazza, nurazzi, nurzaz	تُرَزُّوا turazzū	يُرَزُّوا yurazzū
	f		تُرَزِّي turazzī	تُرَزَّ, تُرَزِّ, تُرْزَزْ turazza, turazzi, turzaz			تُرَزَّا turazzā			تُرْزَزْنَ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ yurzazna

Etymology 4

Verb

أرز (form I)

1. أَرُزُّ (ʔaruzzu) /ʔa.ruz.zu/: first-person singular non-past active indicative of رَزَّ (razza)
2. أُرَزُّ (ʔurazzu) /ʔu.raz.zu/: first-person singular non-past passive indicative of رَزَّ (razza)
3. أَرُزَّ (ʔaruzza) /ʔa.ruz.za/: first-person singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
4. أُرَزَّ (ʔurazza) /ʔu.raz.za/: first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive/jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
5. أَرُزِّ (ʔaruzzi) /ʔa.ruz.zi/: first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
6. أُرَزِّ (ʔurazzi) /ʔu.raz.zi/: first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَزَّ (razza)

References

• Löw, Immanuel (1924–1934) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 17–26
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[2] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 43, noting it is rare in pre-classical Arabic and Arabic savants struggle to define it as they do not know the tree.
• Puhvel, Jaan (1984–) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation), volume 3, page 301
• Rabin, Chaim (1965) “Millīm ḥittiyōṯ bəʿiḇrīṯ”, in Sefer Segal (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, page 164–165 of 151–179 according to Leslau, Wolf (1991) “አርዝ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 41a
• Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004) “arz”, in “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis‎^[3], volume 22, number 1, Barcelona, page 113
• “eren [CEDAR]”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary‎^[4], University of Pennsylvania, 2006

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz).

Noun

أرز • (ʔarz) m (collective, singulative أرزة f (ʔarze), paucal أرزات (ʔarzāt))

1. (collective) cedars