κέδρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown.^[1] Perhaps a Mediterranean Pre-Greek borrowing, maybe the same word as Arabic قَطْرَان (qaṭrān, “resin, tar”) and related to Akkadian 𒌑𒆐𒊏𒀀𒉡 (^U₂qat₆-ra-a-nu /⁠qatrānu⁠/, “cedar resin”), particularly considering the region to which the genus Cedrus is native. Compare also قَطَر (qaṭar, “Qatar”) and its root related to the dribbling of resins, secretions, and other aromatic resinous woods like agarwood. Note also Old Armenian ցիրդ (cʻird). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ké.dros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈke.dros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈce.ðros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈce.ðros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈce.ðros/

Noun

κέδρος • (kédros) f (genitive κέδρου); second declension

cedar (tree of genus Cedrus or Juniperus)
anything made of cedar-wood
cedar-oil

Inflection

Second declension of ἡ κέδρος; τῆς κέδρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ κέδρος hē kédros	τὼ κέδρω tṑ kédrō	αἱ κέδροι hai kédroi
Genitive	τῆς κέδρου tês kédrou	τοῖν κέδροιν toîn kédroin	τῶν κέδρων tôn kédrōn
Dative	τῇ κέδρῳ têi kédrōi	τοῖν κέδροιν toîn kédroin	ταῖς κέδροις taîs kédrois
Accusative	τὴν κέδρον tḕn kédron	τὼ κέδρω tṑ kédrō	τᾱ̀ς κέδρους tā̀s kédrous
Vocative	κέδρε kédre	κέδρω kédrō	κέδροι kédroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

κεδρέλαιον (kedrélaion)
κεδρελάτη (kedrelátē)
κεδρία (kedría)
κέδρινος (kédrinos)
κεδρίον (kedríon)
κεδρίς (kedrís)
κεδρίτης (kedrítēs)
κεδρόμηλον (kedrómēlon)
κέδρον (kédron)
κεδροπαγής (kedropagḗs)
κεδροχαρής (kedrokharḗs)
κεδρόω (kedróō)
κέδρωστις (kédrōstis)
κεδρωτός (kedrōtós)
ὀξύκεδρος (oxúkedros)

Descendants

Greek: κέδρος (kédros)
→ Latin: cedrus (see there for further descendants)
→? Latin: citrus (possibly, via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κέδρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 663

“κέδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“κέδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“κέδρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
κέδρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
κέδρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- cedar idem, page 120.
- coffin idem, page 141.
Blažek, Václav (2014) “Etymologizing ‘unetymologizable’ Greek dendronyms”, in Graeco-Latina Brunensia‎^[2], volume 19, number 1, page 44
Lewy, Heinrich (1895) Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen (in German), Berlin: R. Gaertner’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 34

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κέδρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 663

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