أب
Appearance
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-, from the root ء ب و (ʔ b w). Cognate with Hebrew אָב ('áv). Compare Italian babbo.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]أَب • (ʔab) m (construct state أَبُو (ʔabū), dual أَبَوَانِ (ʔabawāni), plural آبَاء (ʔābāʔ))
Usage notes
[edit]Declension
[edit]Declension of noun أَب (ʔab)
Singular | singular long construct | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَب ʔab |
الْأَب al-ʔab |
أَبُو ʔabū |
Nominative | أَبٌ ʔabun |
الْأَبُ al-ʔabu |
أَبُو ʔabū |
Accusative | أَبًا ʔaban |
الْأَبَ al-ʔaba |
أَبَا ʔabā |
Genitive | أَبٍ ʔabin |
الْأَبِ al-ʔabi |
أَبِي ʔabī |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | أَبَوَيْن; أَبَيْن ʔabawayn; ʔabayn |
الْأَبَوَيْن; الْأَبَيْن al-ʔabawayn; al-ʔabayn |
أَبَوَيْ; أَبَيْ ʔabaway; ʔabay |
Nominative | أَبَوَانِ; أَبَانِ ʔabawāni; ʔabāni |
الْأَبَوَانِ; الْأَبَانِ al-ʔabawāni; al-ʔabāni |
أَبَوَا; أَبَا ʔabawā; ʔabā |
Accusative | أَبَوَيْنِ; أَبَيْنِ ʔabawayni; ʔabayni |
الْأَبَوَيْنِ; الْأَبَيْنِ al-ʔabawayni; al-ʔabayni |
أَبَوَيْ; أَبَيْ ʔabaway; ʔabay |
Genitive | أَبَوَيْنِ; أَبَيْنِ ʔabawayni; ʔabayni |
الْأَبَوَيْنِ; الْأَبَيْنِ al-ʔabawayni; al-ʔabayni |
أَبَوَيْ; أَبَيْ ʔabaway; ʔabay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | آبَاء ʔābāʔ |
الْآبَاء al-ʔābāʔ |
آبَاء ʔābāʔ |
Nominative | آبَاءٌ ʔābāʔun |
الْآبَاءُ al-ʔābāʔu |
آبَاءُ ʔābāʔu |
Accusative | آبَاءً ʔābāʔan |
الْآبَاءَ al-ʔābāʔa |
آبَاءَ ʔābāʔa |
Genitive | آبَاءٍ ʔābāʔin |
الْآبَاءِ al-ʔābāʔi |
آبَاءِ ʔābāʔi |
Synonyms
[edit]- (father): وَالِد (wālid)
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (father): أُمّ (ʔumm, “mother”)
Descendants
[edit]- Egyptian Arabic: أبّ (abb)
- → Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza: *abá
- → Assamese: আব্বা (abba)
- → Bengali: আব্বা (abba)
- → Urdu: ابو (abbū)
- → Maltese: bu (“construct state, only used in some surnames and place names”)
- → Rohingya: abba
- → Swahili: bwana, (abbreviation) Bw.
- → Ottoman Turkish: اب (eb)
- → Ottoman Turkish: ابوین (from dual أَبَوَيْن)
- Turkish: ebeveyn
- → Medieval Latin: borago, borrāgō
- Italian: borragine, borraggine
- Old French: borage
- Old Occitan:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: *borragẽ
- Sicilian: vurràjina
- → Bulgarian: пореч (poreč)
- → Middle Dutch: borage
- Dutch: bernagie
- → Greek: μποράγο (borágo)
- → Polish: burak
- → Middle Low German: boragie, borraghe
- → Middle High German: boretsch, buretsch
- German: Borretsch
- → Slovak: borága
- ⇒ Arabic: أَبُو حِبَاب (ʔabū ḥibāb, “father of many seeds”)
- ⇒ Arabic: أَبُو المِسْك (ʔabū l-misk, “father of musk”)
- → Italian: abelmosch
- → New Latin: abelmoschus
- → Italian: abelmosch
See also
[edit]- (nouns with long construct singular) الْأَسْمَاء السِّتَّة (al-ʔasmāʔ as-sitta); أَب (ʔab), أَخ (ʔaḵ), حَم (ḥam), فَم (fam), ذُو (ḏū), هَن (han) (Category: Arabic nouns with long construct singular)
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]- second-person masculine singular imperative of آبَ (ʔāba)
Further reading
[edit]- Lane, Edward William (1863) “أب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[1], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 3, 10–11
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[2] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, pages 69–72 (for etymology of the vocative forms)
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “أبو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 2–3
Egyptian Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]أبّ • (abb) m (construct state أبو (abū), plural أبّهات (abbahāt))
Usage Notes
[edit]- Referring to one's father as أبوك (abūk, “your dad”) may be considered rude by some, thus والد (wālid) or بابا (bāba) are used instead. This is amplified and more visible in أمّ (umm, “mother”).
- There is a minor social taboo around referring to fathers by their names. So traditionally, they are referred to as "father of" and the name of one of their children. Like أبو أحمد (abū aḥmad, literally “Ahmad's father”) or أبو مريم (abū maryim, literally “Maryam's father”). This is also amplified and more visible in أمّ (umm).
- For adjectival use specific to the construct form, see أبو (abū).
Alternative Forms
[edit]- اب (alternative spelling)
Karakhanid
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Common Turkic *ap.[1] Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (ap).
Conjunction
[edit]أَبْ (ap)
References
[edit]- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 3
Further reading
[edit]- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 34
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Ercilasun, Ahmet B., Akkoyunlu Ziyat, transl., Kâşgarlı Mahmud Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Giriş - Metin - Çeviri - Notlar - Dizin [Mahmud al-Kashgari's “Compendium of the languages of the Turks” Introduction - Texts - Translation - Notes - Index] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 1120) (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 2020, →ISBN, page 15
North Levantine Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]أب • (ʔabb) m (construct state أبو (ʔabu), plural أبات (ʔabbāt) or أبهات (ʔabbahāt) or أبوات (ʔabbawāt))
Usage notes
[edit]- When a suffix pronoun is added, either أب (ʔab-) or the construct form is used, e.g. أبي / أبوي (ʔabi / ʔabūy, “my father”).
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]أبّ • (ʔabb) m (construct state أبو (ʔabu), plural أبّهات (ʔabbahāt))
- Alternative form of أبو (ʔabu, “father”)
Categories:
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ء ب و
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with long construct singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- Arabic irregular nouns
- Arabic nouns with irregular dual
- ar:Family
- ar:Male
- Egyptian Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Egyptian Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Egyptian Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian Arabic lemmas
- Egyptian Arabic nouns
- Egyptian Arabic masculine nouns
- arz:Family
- Karakhanid terms inherited from Common Turkic
- Karakhanid terms derived from Common Turkic
- Karakhanid lemmas
- Karakhanid conjunctions
- Karakhanid terms with usage examples
- North Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- North Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- North Levantine Arabic lemmas
- North Levantine Arabic nouns
- North Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- Syrian North Levantine Arabic
- apc:Family
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- ajp:Family