אשם

Hebrew

Root
א־שׁ־ם (ʾ-sh-m)

Pronunciation

• (adjective): (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /aˈʃem/

• Audio:

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• (noun): (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /aˈʃam/

Adjective

אָשֵׁם • (ashém) (feminine אֲשֵׁמָה, masculine plural אֲשֵׁמִים, feminine plural אֲשֵׁמוֹת)

1. Guilty, responsible (for a crime, a misdeed, a result, etc.).

   נמצא אשם ברצח ― nimtsa ashém barétsakh ― found guilty of the murder

   אני מרגישה אשמה במה שקרה. ― aní margishá ashemá b'má shekará. ― I feel guilty about what happened.

Noun

אָשָׁם • (ashám) m [pattern: קָטָל]

1. Guilt.
   • Tanach, Numbers 5:7, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת חַטָּאתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת אֲשָׁמוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וַחֲמִישִׁתוֹ יֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ

     then they shall confess their sin which they have done; and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him in respect of whom he hath been guilty.

2. A guilt offering.
   • Tanach, Leviticus 5:18, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וְהֵבִיא אַיִל תָּמִים מִן הַצֹּאן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ לְאָשָׁם אֶל הַכֹּהֵן וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן עַל שִׁגְגָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר שָׁגָג וְהוּא לֹא יָדַע וְנִסְלַח לוֹ

     And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, according to thy valuation, for a guilt-offering, unto the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning the error which he committed, though he knew it not, and he shall be forgiven.

Declension

Declension of אָשָׁם

Number	Isolated forms		With possessive pronouns
	State	Form	Person	singular		plural
				m.	f.	m.	f.
singular	indefinite	אָשָׁם	first	אֲשָׁמִי		אֲשָׁמֵנוּ
	definite	הָאָשָׁם	second	אֲשָׁמְךָ	אֲשָׁמֵךְ	אֲשַׁמְכֶם	אֲשַׁמְכֶן
	construct	אֲשַׁם־	third	אֲשָׁמוֹ	אֲשָׁמָהּ	אֲשָׁמָם	אֲשָׁמָן

Derived terms

• אשם תלוי (ashám talúi)

Verb

אָשַׁם • (ashám) (pa'al construction)

1. To be guilty
   • Tanach, Numbers 5:7, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וְהִתְוַדּוּ אֶת חַטָּאתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת אֲשָׁמוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וַחֲמִישִׁתוֹ יֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לוֹ

     then they shall confess their sin which they have done; and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him in respect of whom he hath been guilty.

Conjugation

Conjugation of אָשַׂם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 

non-finite forms		to-infinitive: לאשום / לֶאֱשֹׂם action noun: אֲשִׂימָה passive participle: —
finite forms		singular		plural
		m.	f.	m.	f.
past	first	אָשַׂמְתִּי		אָשַׂמְנוּ
	second	אָשַׂמְתָּ	אָשַׂמְתְּ	אֲשַׂמְתֶּם1	אֲשַׂמְתֶּן1
	third	אָשַׂם	אָשְׂמָה	אָשְׂמוּ
present		אוֹשֵׂם	אוֹשֶׂמֶת	אוֹשְׂמִים	אוֹשְׂמוֹת
future	first	אֶאֱשַׂם		נֶאֱשַׂם
	second	תֶּאֱשַׂם	תֶּאֶשְׂמִי	תֶּאֶשְׂמוּ	תֶּאֱשַׂמְנָה2
	third	יֶאֱשַׂם	תֶּאֱשַׂם	יֶאֶשְׂמוּ	תֶּאֱשַׂמְנָה2
imperative		אֱשַׂם	אִשְׂמִי	אִשְׂמוּ	אֱשַׂמְנָה2
notes		Pronounced אָשַׂמְתֶּם and אָשַׂמְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. Rare in Modern Hebrew.