մշակ

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Armenian

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Etymology

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From Old Armenian մշակ (mšak).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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մշակ (mšak)

  1. tiller, farmer, cultivator
    Synonym: ռանչպար (ṙančʻpar)
  2. porter, bearer
  3. worker, laborer, hand

Declension

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i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative մշակ (mšak) մշակներ (mšakner)
dative մշակի (mšaki) մշակների (mšakneri)
ablative մշակից (mšakicʻ) մշակներից (mšaknericʻ)
instrumental մշակով (mšakov) մշակներով (mšaknerov)
locative
definite forms
nominative մշակը/մշակն (mšakə/mšakn) մշակները/մշակներն (mšaknerə/mšaknern)
dative մշակին (mšakin) մշակներին (mšaknerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative մշակս (mšaks) մշակներս (mšakners)
dative մշակիս (mšakis) մշակներիս (mšakneris)
ablative մշակիցս (mšakicʻs) մշակներիցս (mšaknericʻs)
instrumental մշակովս (mšakovs) մշակներովս (mšaknerovs)
locative
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative մշակդ (mšakd) մշակներդ (mšaknerd)
dative մշակիդ (mšakid) մշակներիդ (mšaknerid)
ablative մշակիցդ (mšakicʻd) մշակներիցդ (mšaknericʻd)
instrumental մշակովդ (mšakovd) մշակներովդ (mšaknerovd)
locative

Old Armenian

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Etymology

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A Middle Iranian borrowing: compare Khotanese mäṣṣa- (field)[1][2][3] and Central Kurdish مووچە (mûçe, field). Also from Iranian: Old Georgian მუშაკი (mušaḳi), Aghwan 𐕌𐕒𐕡𐔽𐔰𐕄 (muˁaḳ, laborer, worker), Bats მუშაჸო̆ (mušaʾŏ, laborer).

Noun

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մշակ (mšak)

  1. agricultural laborer
    • 5th century, Bible, 1 Timothy 5.18:
      Արժանի է մշակն վարձու իւրոյ։
      Aržani ē mšakn varju iwroy.
      The laborer deserves his wages.

Declension

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Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: մշակ (mšak)

References

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  1. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 332–333
  2. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 242–243
  3. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “մշակ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 531ab

Further reading

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  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մշակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 335ab. Not knowing about the Khotanese word, Ačaṙean derived the Armenian from the Caucasian cognates.
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “մշակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 287–288
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “մշակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 481a