ընկոյզ

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

ընգոյզ (əngoyz), անկոյզ (ankoyz)

Etymology

Cognates are found in many languages of Western and Central Asia: compare Ossetian ӕнгу́з (ængúz), ӕнгозӕ (ængozæ), Georgian ნიგოზი (nigozi), Mingrelian ნეძი (neʒi), ნეზი (nezi), Lomavren aŋkor (Caucasus), անքոտ (ankʻot) (Eğin), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwc /⁠gōz⁠/), Classical Persian (gōz), Northern Kurdish gûz, goz, gwîz, Central Kurdish گوێز (gwêz), Mazanderani آغوز (āγōz, ăγōz), Shughni ғу̊з (ɣū̊z), Sarikoli γewz, Yidgha [script needed] (oγúzo), Middle Armenian ղոյզ (ġoyz), Aramaic גּוֹזָא (gōzā), Classical Syriac ܓܘܙܐ (gawzā), Arabic جَوْز (jawz), Hebrew אֱגוֹז (ʾĕḡôz), Punic *𐤀𐤂𐤆 (*ʾgz /⁠ʾəgūz⁠/), Chagatai قوز (qoz).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Probably all ultimately from Old Iranian *gauza- (“nut”), with the preverbs *han-, *aH- and *ni-, from the root Proto-Iranian *gauz- (“to hide, conceal”) (compare Sanskrit गूहति (gū́hati)), referring to the fact that the edible nut is enclosed in a green outer fruit wall.^[6]^[5]

Compare also ողկոյզ (ołkoyz) and կոյզ (koyz).

Noun

ընկոյզ • (ənkoyz)

walnut (nut of the walnut tree)
- 5th century, Bible, Genesis 43.11:
  Ասէ ցնոսա Իսրայէլ հայրն իւրեանց․ Այդպէս իցէ, արարէք զայդ․ առէք ի պտղոյ երկրիս յամանս ձեր, եւ տարայք առնն պատարագս, ռետին եւ մեղր եւ խունկս եւ ստաշխն եւ բեւեկն եւ ընկոյզ։
  Asē cʻnosa Israyēl hayrn iwreancʻ; Aydpēs icʻē, ararēkʻ zayd; aṙēkʻ i ptłoy erkris yamans jer, ew taraykʻ aṙnn patarags, ṙetin ew mełr ew xunks ew stašxn ew bewekn ew ənkoyz.
  Translation by Brenton Septuagint Translation
  And Israel, their father, said to them, If it be so, do this; take of the fruits of the earth in your vessels, and carry down to the man presents of gum and honey, and frankincense, and stacte, and turpentine, and walnuts.
- 5th century, Agatʻangełos, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of the Armenians] 644:^[7]^[8]
  Սոյնպէս կիտրոնն եւ ապաբաղսամոնն եւ դափնին եւ ձիթենին գեղեցիկ եւ սերկեւիլն եւ մուրտն եւ ընկոյզն եւ նուշն եւ քնարուկն եւ հաճարուկն եւ թութն եւ նուռնն եւ հոյնն:
  Soynpēs kitronn ew apabałsamonn ew dapʻnin ew jitʻenin gełecʻik ew serkewiln ew murtn ew ənkoyzn ew nušn ew kʻnarukn ew hačarukn ew tʻutʻn ew nuṙnn ew hoynn:
  Translation by Robert W. Thomson
  Likewise the lemon and balsamon, and laurel and beautiful olive tree, and quince and myrtle, and nut and almond, and lotus and holly, and mulberry and pomegranate and cornel tree.

Declension

o-type

	singular	plural
nominative	ընկոյզ (ənkoyz)	ընկոյզք (ənkoyzkʻ)
genitive	ընկուզոյ (ənkuzoy)	ընկուզոց (ənkuzocʻ)
dative	ընկուզոյ (ənkuzoy)	ընկուզոց (ənkuzocʻ)
accusative	ընկոյզ (ənkoyz)	ընկոյզս (ənkoyzs)
ablative	ընկուզոյ (ənkuzoy)	ընկուզոց (ənkuzocʻ)
instrumental	ընկուզով (ənkuzov)	ընկուզովք (ənkuzovkʻ)
locative	ընկոյզ (ənkoyz)	ընկոյզս (ənkoyzs)

i-a-type

	singular	plural
nominative	ընկոյզ (ənkoyz)	ընկոյզք (ənkoyzkʻ)
genitive	ընկուզի (ənkuzi)	ընկուզաց (ənkuzacʻ)
dative	ընկուզի (ənkuzi)	ընկուզաց (ənkuzacʻ)
accusative	ընկոյզ (ənkoyz)	ընկոյզս (ənkoyzs)
ablative	ընկուզէ (ənkuzē)	ընկուզաց (ənkuzacʻ)
instrumental	ընկուզաւ (ənkuzaw)	ընկուզաւք = ընկուզօք (ənkuzawkʻ = ənkuzōkʻ)
locative	ընկուզի (ənkuzi)	ընկոյզս (ənkoyzs)

i-type

	singular	plural
nominative	ընկոյզ (ənkoyz)	ընկոյզք (ənkoyzkʻ)
genitive	ընկուզի (ənkuzi)	ընկուզից (ənkuzicʻ)
dative	ընկուզի (ənkuzi)	ընկուզից (ənkuzicʻ)
accusative	ընկոյզ (ənkoyz)	ընկոյզս (ənkoyzs)
ablative	ընկուզէ (ənkuzē)	ընկուզից (ənkuzicʻ)
instrumental	ընկուզիւ (ənkuziw)	ընկուզիւք (ənkuziwkʻ)
locative	ընկուզի (ənkuzi)	ընկոյզս (ənkoyzs)

Derived terms

ընգուզ (ənguz)
ընկոյզ արքայական (ənkoyz arkʻayakan)
ընկոյզ հնդկաց (ənkoyz hndkacʻ)
ընկուզաբեր (ənkuzaber)
ընկուզազարդ (ənkuzazard)
ընկուզաձեւ (ənkuzajew)
ընկուզաստան (ənkuzastan)
ընկուզի (ənkuzi)
ընկուզուտ (ənkuzut)

Descendants

Middle Armenian: ընկուզ (ənkuz)
Armenian: ընկույզ (ənkuyz)

References

^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ընկոյզ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 130–131
^ Hehn, Victor with Schrader, Otto (1911) Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere in ihrem Übergang aus Asien nach Griechenland und Italien sowie in das übrige Europa‎^[1] (in German), 8^th edition, Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, pages 393–404
^ Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, page 18
^ Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 409–410
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1982) Očerki po istorii leksiki pamirskix jazykov. Nazvanija kulʹturnyx rastenij [Essays on the history of Pamir languages. Names of cultivated plants] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 110—111
^ Agatʻangełos (1909) G. Tēr-Mkrtčʻean and St. Kanayeancʻ, editors, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of Armenia] (Patmagirkʻ hayocʻ; I.2)‎^[2], Tiflis: Aragatip Mnacʻakan Martiroseancʻi, page 330
^ Thomson, Robert W. (2001) The teaching of Saint Gregory (Avant: Treasures of the Armenian Christian Tradition; 1), revised edition, New Rochelle, New York: St. Nersess Armenian Seminary, page 206

Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836) “ընկոյզ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 781c
Awgerean, Mkrtičʻ, Čēlalean, Grigor (1865) “ընկոյզ”, in Aṙjeṙn baṙaran haykaznean lezui [Pocket Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 312b
Bläsing, Uwe (2019) “Die armenischen Pflanzennamen in Peter Simon Pallas’ Flora Rossica. Eine Studie zu Etymologie und sprachlicher Interaktion”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15) (in German), Leuven: Peeters, pages 21–22
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 393
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 128, footnote 1
J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1837) “ընկոյզ”, in Baṙgirkʻ i barbaṙ hay ew italakan [Armenian–Italian Dictionary], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 548–549
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 29–59
Mkrtčʻyan, Nerses (2004) “Banasirakan čšgrtumner ew lracʻumner [Philological Corrections and Additions]”, in Patma-banasirakan handes [Historical-Philological Journal]‎^[4] (in Armenian), number 3, page 185
Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ընկոյզ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 206a

[HAB-1] Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ընկոյզ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 130–131

[Hehn-2] Hehn, Victor with Schrader, Otto (1911) Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere in ihrem Übergang aus Asien nach Griechenland und Italien sowie in das übrige Europa‎^[1] (in German), 8^th edition, Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, pages 393–404

[Wagner-3] Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, page 18

[4] Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 409–410

[Cheung-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117

[6] Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1982) Očerki po istorii leksiki pamirskix jazykov. Nazvanija kulʹturnyx rastenij [Essays on the history of Pamir languages. Names of cultivated plants] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 110—111

[7] Agatʻangełos (1909) G. Tēr-Mkrtčʻean and St. Kanayeancʻ, editors, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of Armenia] (Patmagirkʻ hayocʻ; I.2)‎^[2], Tiflis: Aragatip Mnacʻakan Martiroseancʻi, page 330

[8] Thomson, Robert W. (2001) The teaching of Saint Gregory (Avant: Treasures of the Armenian Christian Tradition; 1), revised edition, New Rochelle, New York: St. Nersess Armenian Seminary, page 206

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