сякам

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěkati (“to cut”). Cognate with Slovene sékati (“cut”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsʲa̟kɐm]

Verb

ся́кам • (sjákam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ся́кна) (dialectal)

(transitive) to chop up, to dissect
(transitive) to portion
(intransitive) to strike at a tinder (in order to sparkle a fire)
ся́кам с кре́мък по огни́во
sjákam s krémǎk po ognívo
to strike with a flint at a tinder

Conjugation

Conjugation of ся́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ся́кащ sjákašt	ся́кал, сяка́л¹ sjákal, sjakál¹	ся́кал sjákal	ся́кан sjákan		ся́кайки sjákajki
	definite subject form	ся́кащият sjákaštijat	ся́калият, сяка́лият¹ sjákalijat, sjakálijat¹	—	ся́каният sjákanijat
	definite object form	ся́кащия sjákaštija	ся́калия, сяка́лия¹ sjákalija, sjakálija¹	—	ся́кания sjákanija
feminine	indefinite	ся́каща sjákašta	ся́кала, сяка́ла¹ sjákala, sjakála¹	ся́кала sjákala	ся́кана sjákana
feminine	definite	ся́кащата sjákaštata	ся́калата, сяка́лата¹ sjákalata, sjakálata¹	—	ся́каната sjákanata
neuter	indefinite	ся́кащо sjákašto	ся́кало, сяка́ло¹ sjákalo, sjakálo¹	ся́кало sjákalo	ся́кано sjákano	ся́кане sjákane
neuter	definite	ся́кащото sjákaštoto	ся́калото, сяка́лото¹ sjákaloto, sjakáloto¹	—	ся́каното sjákanoto	ся́кането sjákaneto
plural	indefinite	ся́кащи sjákašti	ся́кали, сяка́ли¹ sjákali, sjakáli¹	ся́кали sjákali	ся́кани sjákani	ся́кания, ся́канета sjákanija, sjákaneta
plural	definite	ся́кащите sjákaštite	ся́калите, сяка́лите¹ sjákalite, sjakálite¹	—	ся́каните sjákanite	ся́канията, ся́канетата sjákanijata, sjákanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ся́кам sjákam	ся́каш sjákaš	ся́ка sjáka	ся́каме sjákame	ся́кате sjákate	ся́кат sjákat
imperfect		ся́ках sjákah	ся́каше sjákaše	ся́каше sjákaše	ся́кахме sjákahme	ся́кахте sjákahte	ся́каха sjákaha
aorist		ся́ках, сяка́х¹ sjákah, sjakáh¹	ся́ка, сяка́¹ sjáka, sjaká¹	ся́ка, сяка́¹ sjáka, sjaká¹	ся́кахме, сяка́хме¹ sjákahme, sjakáhme¹	ся́кахте, сяка́хте¹ sjákahte, sjakáhte¹	ся́каха, сяка́ха¹ sjákaha, sjakáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			ся́кай sjákaj			ся́кайте sjákajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Conjugation of ся́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ся́кащ sjákašt	ся́кал, сяка́л¹ sjákal, sjakál¹	ся́кал sjákal	—		ся́кайки sjákajki
	definite subject form	ся́кащият sjákaštijat	ся́калият, сяка́лият¹ sjákalijat, sjakálijat¹	—	—
	definite object form	ся́кащия sjákaštija	ся́калия, сяка́лия¹ sjákalija, sjakálija¹	—	—
feminine	indefinite	ся́каща sjákašta	ся́кала, сяка́ла¹ sjákala, sjakála¹	ся́кала sjákala	—
feminine	definite	ся́кащата sjákaštata	ся́калата, сяка́лата¹ sjákalata, sjakálata¹	—	—
neuter	indefinite	ся́кащо sjákašto	ся́кало, сяка́ло¹ sjákalo, sjakálo¹	ся́кало sjákalo	—	ся́кане sjákane
neuter	definite	ся́кащото sjákaštoto	ся́калото, сяка́лото¹ sjákaloto, sjakáloto¹	—	—	ся́кането sjákaneto
plural	indefinite	ся́кащи sjákašti	ся́кали, сяка́ли¹ sjákali, sjakáli¹	ся́кали sjákali	—	ся́кания, ся́канета sjákanija, sjákaneta
plural	definite	ся́кащите sjákaštite	ся́калите, сяка́лите¹ sjákalite, sjakálite¹	—	—	ся́канията, ся́канетата sjákanijata, sjákanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ся́кам sjákam	ся́каш sjákaš	ся́ка sjáka	ся́каме sjákame	ся́кате sjákate	ся́кат sjákat
imperfect		ся́ках sjákah	ся́каше sjákaše	ся́каше sjákaše	ся́кахме sjákahme	ся́кахте sjákahte	ся́каха sjákaha
aorist		ся́ках, сяка́х¹ sjákah, sjakáh¹	ся́ка, сяка́¹ sjáka, sjaká¹	ся́ка, сяка́¹ sjáka, sjaká¹	ся́кахме, сяка́хме¹ sjákahme, sjakáhme¹	ся́кахте, сяка́хте¹ sjákahte, sjakáhte¹	ся́каха, сяка́ха¹ sjákaha, sjakáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			ся́кай sjákaj			ся́кайте sjákajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

ся́квам (sjákvam, “to cut short, to cease”) (semelfactive)
изсякам pf (izsjakam), изсяквам impf (izsjakvam)
насякам pf (nasjakam), насяквам impf (nasjakvam)
отсякам pf (otsjakam), отсяквам impf (otsjakvam)
пресякам pf (presjakam), пресяквам impf (presjakvam)
разсякам pf (razsjakam), разсяквам impf (razsjakvam)

Related terms

сека́ (seká, “to chop, to hew”)

References

Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “сякам¹, сякам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 720

Etymology 2

Unclear:

Either derived from Etymology 1 via semantic shift “to cut, to dissect” → “to examine” → “to judge, to deem”.
Or cognate with Lithuanian sèkti (“to observe”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsʲa̟kɐm]

Verb

ся́кам • (sjákam) first-singular present indicative, impf (obsolescent, dialectal)

(intransitive) to deem, to consider, to regard
Synonyms: смя́там (smjátam), счи́там (sčítam), чи́ня (čínja)

Usage notes

The 2p. sg. ся́каш (sjákaš, “as if”) has been fossilized as an adverb.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ся́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ся́кащ sjákašt	ся́кал, сяка́л¹ sjákal, sjakál¹	ся́кал sjákal	—		ся́кайки sjákajki
	definite subject form	ся́кащият sjákaštijat	ся́калият, сяка́лият¹ sjákalijat, sjakálijat¹	—	—
	definite object form	ся́кащия sjákaštija	ся́калия, сяка́лия¹ sjákalija, sjakálija¹	—	—
feminine	indefinite	ся́каща sjákašta	ся́кала, сяка́ла¹ sjákala, sjakála¹	ся́кала sjákala	—
feminine	definite	ся́кащата sjákaštata	ся́калата, сяка́лата¹ sjákalata, sjakálata¹	—	—
neuter	indefinite	ся́кащо sjákašto	ся́кало, сяка́ло¹ sjákalo, sjakálo¹	ся́кало sjákalo	—	ся́кане sjákane
neuter	definite	ся́кащото sjákaštoto	ся́калото, сяка́лото¹ sjákaloto, sjakáloto¹	—	—	ся́кането sjákaneto
plural	indefinite	ся́кащи sjákašti	ся́кали, сяка́ли¹ sjákali, sjakáli¹	ся́кали sjákali	—	ся́кания, ся́канета sjákanija, sjákaneta
plural	definite	ся́кащите sjákaštite	ся́калите, сяка́лите¹ sjákalite, sjakálite¹	—	—	ся́канията, ся́канетата sjákanijata, sjákanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ся́кам sjákam	ся́каш sjákaš	ся́ка sjáka	ся́каме sjákame	ся́кате sjákate	ся́кат sjákat
imperfect		ся́ках sjákah	ся́каше sjákaše	ся́каше sjákaše	ся́кахме sjákahme	ся́кахте sjákahte	ся́каха sjákaha
aorist		ся́ках, сяка́х¹ sjákah, sjakáh¹	ся́ка, сяка́¹ sjáka, sjaká¹	ся́ка, сяка́¹ sjáka, sjaká¹	ся́кахме, сяка́хме¹ sjákahme, sjakáhme¹	ся́кахте, сяка́хте¹ sjákahte, sjakáhte¹	ся́каха, сяка́ха¹ sjákaha, sjakáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал m, ся́кала f, ся́кало n, or ся́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ся́кал/сяка́л¹ m, ся́кала/сяка́ла¹ f, ся́кало/сяка́ло¹ n, or ся́кали/сяка́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			ся́кай sjákaj			ся́кайте sjákajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Related terms

са́кам (sákam, “to want”) (dialectal)

References

“сякам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “сякам³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 721