струя
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *struja.
Noun
[edit]стру́я • (strúja) f (relational adjective стру́ен, diminutive стру́йка)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | стру́я strúja |
стру́и strúi |
| definite | стру́ята strújata |
стру́ите strúite |
References
[edit]- “струя (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “струя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 508
- “строуꙗ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2025
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strujiti (i-conjugation), *strujati (ě/i-conjugation).
Verb
[edit]струя́ • (strujá) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective стру́йна)
- (intransitive) to stream
- (transitive, dialectal) to make spew, squirt, disperse (of fluids)
- струя течението ― struja tečenieto ― to accelerate the flow
- (reflexive with се) to flow, to leak in a stream
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of струя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | струя́щ strujášt |
струи́л struíl |
струя́л strujál |
— | струе́йки struéjki | |
| definite subject form | струя́щият strujáštijat |
струи́лият struílijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | струя́щия strujáštija |
струи́лия struílija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | струя́ща strujášta |
струи́ла struíla |
струя́ла strujála |
— | ||
| definite | струя́щата strujáštata |
струи́лата struílata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | струя́що strujášto |
струи́ло struílo |
струя́ло strujálo |
— | струе́не struéne | |
| definite | струя́щото strujáštoto |
струи́лото struíloto |
— | — | струе́нето struéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | струя́щи strujášti |
струи́ли struíli |
струе́ли struéli |
— | струе́ния, струе́нета struénija, struéneta | |
| definite | струя́щите strujáštite |
струи́лите struílite |
— | — | струе́нията, струе́нетата struénijata, struénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | струя́ strujá |
струи́ш struíš |
струи́ struí |
струи́м struím |
струи́те struíte |
струя́т struját | |
| imperfect | струя́х strujáh |
струе́ше struéše |
струе́ше struéše |
струя́хме strujáhme |
струя́хте strujáhte |
струя́ха strujáha | |
| aorist | струи́х struíh |
струи́ struí |
струи́ struí |
струи́хме struíhme |
струи́хте struíhte |
струи́ха struíha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| струй struj |
стру́йте strújte |
||||||
Conjugation of струя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | струя́щ strujášt |
струя́л strujál |
струя́л strujál |
— | струе́йки struéjki | |
| definite subject form | струя́щият strujáštijat |
струе́лият struélijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | струя́щия strujáštija |
струе́лия struélija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | струя́ща strujášta |
струя́ла strujála |
струя́ла strujála |
— | ||
| definite | струя́щата strujáštata |
струя́лата strujálata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | струя́що strujášto |
струя́ло strujálo |
струя́ло strujálo |
— | струе́не struéne | |
| definite | струя́щото strujáštoto |
струя́лото strujáloto |
— | — | струе́нето struéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | струя́щи strujášti |
струе́ли struéli |
струе́ли struéli |
— | струе́ния, струе́нета struénija, struéneta | |
| definite | струя́щите strujáštite |
струе́лите struélite |
— | — | струе́нията, струе́нетата struénijata, struénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | струя́ strujá |
струи́ш struíš |
струи́ struí |
струи́м struím |
струи́те struíte |
струя́т struját | |
| imperfect | струя́х strujáh |
струе́ше struéše |
струе́ше struéše |
струя́хме strujáhme |
струя́хте strujáhte |
струя́ха strujáha | |
| aorist | струя́х strujáh |
струя́ strujá |
струя́ strujá |
струя́хме strujáhme |
струя́хте strujáhte |
струя́ха strujáha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| струй struj |
стру́йте strújte |
||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- заструя pf (zastruja), заструявам impf (zastrujavam)
- оструя pf (ostruja), оструявам impf (ostrujavam) (dialectal)
References
[edit]- “струя (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “струѭ́, -и́шь; -и́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 272
Pannonian Rusyn
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian струја / struja, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *struja. By surface analysis, deverbal of струяц (strujac).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]струя (struja) f (related adjective струйни or струйов)
- (river) stream, flow
- Synonym: цек (cek)
- jet, blast, spurt, gush (of fluid)
- (chiefly of electricity) current, efflux, flow
- зменююца струя ― zmenjujuca struja ― alternating current
- електрична струя ― električna struja ― electric current
- (by extension, generally uncountable) (electrical) power
- людзе жили без струї аж по двацети вик ― ljudze žili bez struji až po dvaceti vik ― people lived without power all the way up to the twentieth century
Usage notes
[edit]- Like in Serbo-Croatian, the general concept of electrical power is expressed using струя (struja), while електрицитет (elektricitet) is a more specialized term used in scientific and engineering contexts. This is different to in other Slavic languages, which tend to use the word for "electricity" for both electricity itself and electrical power, like in English for the most part.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | струя (struja) | струї (struji) |
| genitive | струї (struji) | струйох (strujox) |
| dative | струї (struji) | струйом (strujom) |
| accusative | струю (struju) | струї (struji) |
| instrumental | струю (struju) | струями (strujami) |
| locative | струї (struji) | струйох (strujox) |
| vocative | струйо (strujo) | струї (struji) |
Related terms
[edit](nouns):
- струйометер m inan (strujometer)
- струянє n (strujanje)
(verbs):
References
[edit]- Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “струя”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
- Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “current”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 74
- Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “jet”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 158
Russian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic струя (struja), from Proto-Slavic *struja.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]струя́ • (strujá) f inan (genitive струи́, nominative plural стру́и or струи́*, genitive plural струй, diminutive стру́йка) (* Poetic.)
Declension
[edit]Declension of струя́ (inan fem-form vowel-stem accent-d/b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | струя́ strujá |
стру́и, струи́* strúi, struí* |
| genitive | струи́ struí |
стру́й strúj |
| dative | струе́ strujé |
стру́ям, струя́м* strújam, strujám* |
| accusative | струю́ strujú |
стру́и, струи́* strúi, struí* |
| instrumental | струёй, струёю strujój, strujóju |
стру́ями, струя́ми* strújami, strujámi* |
| prepositional | струе́ strujé |
стру́ях, струя́х* strújax, strujáx* |
* Poetic.
Synonyms
[edit]- пото́к m (potók)
Related terms
[edit]- струища (struišča)
- струйный (strujnyj), пескоструйный (peskostrujnyj), струящий (strujaščij), струя́щийся (strujáščijsja)
- струить (struitʹ), струи́ться (struítʹsja), заструить (zastruitʹ), заструиться (zastruitʹsja), отпескоструить (otpeskostruitʹ)
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian feminine nouns
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
- Bulgarian intransitive verbs
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian transitive verbs
- Bulgarian dialectal terms
- Bulgarian reflexive verbs
- Bulgarian conjugation 2.1 verbs
- Bulgarian conjugation 2.2 verbs
- Pannonian Rusyn terms borrowed from Serbo-Croatian
- Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Serbo-Croatian
- Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Pannonian Rusyn deverbals
- Pannonian Rusyn terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Pannonian Rusyn/uja
- Rhymes:Pannonian Rusyn/uja/2 syllables
- Pannonian Rusyn lemmas
- Pannonian Rusyn nouns
- Pannonian Rusyn feminine nouns
- rsk:Electricity
- Pannonian Rusyn terms with usage examples
- Pannonian Rusyn uncountable nouns
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew-
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian feminine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian vowel-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian vowel-stem feminine-form accent-d nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern d
- Russian vowel-stem feminine-form accent-b nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern b
- Russian nouns with multiple accent patterns
- Russian nouns with multiple declensions
- ru:Astronomy
- ru:Liquids
- ru:Mathematics
- ru:Physics