струя

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *struja.

Noun

стру́я • (strúja) f (relational adjective стру́ен, diminutive стру́йка)

1. stream, spurt, blast (of fluid)
2. jet, flux, vector (of current)

Declension

Declension of стру́я

	singular	plural
indefinite	стру́я strúja	стру́и strúi
definite	стру́ята strújata	стру́ите strúite

References

• “струя (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “струя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 508
• “строуꙗ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2025

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strujiti (i-conjugation), *strujati (ě/i-conjugation).

Verb

струя́ • (strujá) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective стру́йна)

1. (intransitive) to stream
   1. to jet, to spurt, to flush

      Водата струи.

      Vodata strui.

      The water spurts.

   2. to ray (for light), to stream (for current)
2. (transitive, dialectal) to make spew, squirt, disperse (of fluids)

   струя течението ― struja tečenieto ― to accelerate the flow

3. (reflexive with се) to flow, to leak in a stream

Conjugation

    Conjugation of струя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	струя́щ strujášt	струи́л struíl	струя́л strujál	—		струе́йки struéjki
	definite subject form	струя́щият strujáštijat	струи́лият struílijat	—	—
	definite object form	струя́щия strujáštija	струи́лия struílija	—	—
feminine	indefinite	струя́ща strujášta	струи́ла struíla	струя́ла strujála	—
	definite	струя́щата strujáštata	струи́лата struílata	—	—
neuter	indefinite	струя́що strujášto	струи́ло struílo	струя́ло strujálo	—	струе́не struéne
	definite	струя́щото strujáštoto	струи́лото struíloto	—	—	струе́нето struéneto
plural	indefinite	струя́щи strujášti	струи́ли struíli	струе́ли struéli	—	струе́ния, струе́нета struénija, struéneta
	definite	струя́щите strujáštite	струи́лите struílite	—	—	струе́нията, струе́нетата struénijata, struénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		струя́ strujá	струи́ш struíš	струи́ struí	струи́м struím	струи́те struíte	струя́т struját
imperfect		струя́х strujáh	струе́ше struéše	струе́ше struéše	струя́хме strujáhme	струя́хте strujáhte	струя́ха strujáha
aorist		струи́х struíh	струи́ struí	струи́ struí	струи́хме struíhme	струи́хте struíhte	струи́ха struíha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and струи́л m, струи́ла f, струи́ло n, or струи́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			струй struj			стру́йте strújte

    Conjugation of струя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	струя́щ strujášt	струя́л strujál	струя́л strujál	—		струе́йки struéjki
	definite subject form	струя́щият strujáštijat	струе́лият struélijat	—	—
	definite object form	струя́щия strujáštija	струе́лия struélija	—	—
feminine	indefinite	струя́ща strujášta	струя́ла strujála	струя́ла strujála	—
	definite	струя́щата strujáštata	струя́лата strujálata	—	—
neuter	indefinite	струя́що strujášto	струя́ло strujálo	струя́ло strujálo	—	струе́не struéne
	definite	струя́щото strujáštoto	струя́лото strujáloto	—	—	струе́нето struéneto
plural	indefinite	струя́щи strujášti	струе́ли struéli	струе́ли struéli	—	струе́ния, струе́нета struénija, struéneta
	definite	струя́щите strujáštite	струе́лите struélite	—	—	струе́нията, струе́нетата struénijata, struénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		струя́ strujá	струи́ш struíš	струи́ struí	струи́м struím	струи́те struíte	струя́т struját
imperfect		струя́х strujáh	струе́ше struéše	струе́ше struéše	струя́хме strujáhme	струя́хте strujáhte	струя́ха strujáha
aorist		струя́х strujáh	струя́ strujá	струя́ strujá	струя́хме strujáhme	струя́хте strujáhte	струя́ха strujáha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and струя́л m, струя́ла f, струя́ло n, or струе́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			струй struj			стру́йте strújte

Derived terms

• заструя pf (zastruja), заструявам impf (zastrujavam)
• оструя pf (ostruja), оструявам impf (ostrujavam) (dialectal)

References

• “струя (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “струѭ́, -и́шь; -и́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 272

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Borrowed from Ukrainian струя́ (strujá) or more likely Serbo-Croatian струја / struja, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *struja. By surface analysis, deverbal from струяц (strujac).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈstruja]
• Rhymes: -uja
• Hyphenation: струя

Noun

струя (struja) f (related adjective струйни or струйов)

1. (river) stream, flow

   Synonym: цек (cek)

2. jet, blast, spurt, gush (of fluid)
3. (chiefly of electricity) current, efflux, flow

   зменююца струя ― zmenjujuca struja ― alternating current

   електрична струя ― električna struja ― electric current

4. (by extension) (electrical) power

   людзе жили без струї аж по двацети вик ― ljudze žili bez struji až po dvaceti vik ― people lived without power all the way up to the twentieth century

Declension

Declension of струя

	singular	plural
nominative	струя struja	струї struji
genitive	струї struji	струйох strujox
dative	струї struji	струйом strujom
accusative	струю struju	струї struji
instrumental	струю struju	струями strujami
locative	струї struji	струйох strujox
vocative	струйо strujo	струї struji

Related terms

(nouns):

• струйометер m inan (strujometer)
• струянє n (strujanje)

(verbs):

• струїц impf (strujic)
• струяц impf (strujac)

References

• Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “струя”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “current”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 74
• Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “jet”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 158

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic струя (struja), from Proto-Slavic *struja.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [strʊˈja]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

струя́ • (strujá) f inan (genitive струи́, nominative plural стру́и or струи́^*, genitive plural струй, diminutive стру́йка) (* Poetic.)

1. jet, air blast (stream of fluid)
2. spurt, squirt, stream
3. current, efflux, flow

Declension

Declension of струя́ (inan fem-form vowel-stem accent-d/b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	струя́ strujá	стру́и, струи́* strúi, struí*
genitive	струи́ struí	стру́й strúj
dative	струе́ strujé	стру́ям, струя́м* strújam, strujám*
accusative	струю́ strujú	стру́и, струи́* strúi, struí*
instrumental	струёй, струёю strujój, strujóju	стру́ями, струя́ми* strújami, strujámi*
prepositional	струе́ strujé	стру́ях, струя́х* strújax, strujáx*

^* Poetic.

Synonyms

• пото́к m (potók)

Related terms

• струища (struišča)
• струйный (strujnyj), пескоструйный (peskostrujnyj), струящий (strujaščij), струя́щийся (strujáščijsja)
• струить (struitʹ), струи́ться (struítʹsja), заструить (zastruitʹ), заструиться (zastruitʹsja), отпескоструить (otpeskostruitʹ)