сиге

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See also: сиг and сіг

Old Novgorodian

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сиге

Etymology

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Borrowed from Finnic languages, such as Livvi siigu, Karelian siiga, Ludian siig, Veps sīg, cf. Votic siikõ, Ingrian siika, Finnish siika (“common whitefish”) and Estonian siig, ultimately from Proto-Finnic *siika (“common whitefish”), further origins unclear,[1][2][3] perhaps from Proto-Norse *ᛊᛁᚴᚨᛉ (*sikaʀ) (whence Old Norse síkr, Old Swedish siker, Swedish sik, Norwegian Bokmål sik, Old Danish sig), possibly from Proto-Germanic *sīkaz. Cognate include Latvian sīga, Lithuanian sykis.

First attested in c. 1140‒1160. Compare Russian сиг (sig), Middle Russian сигъ (sig), first attested only in 1496. Derivative сиговый (sigovyj, “whitefish-related”) since 1500, сиговина (sigovina, “whitefish meat”) and сиговица (sigovica, “fishing tackle”) since 1563. It seems that in Middle Russian the word was borrowed from Old Novgorodian.[2][1]

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: си‧ге

Noun

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сиге • (sige) m[4]

  1. common whitefish, lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus)
    • c. 1140‒1160, Берестяная грамота № 831 [Birchbark letter no. 831]‎[2], Novgorod:
      … [и сире] а то гривьною кри(лъ есмь и) [дьс]ѧ[ть сиг]ово и пол[ъ]ть во дьсѧть коуно …
      … [i sire] a to grivĭnoju kri(lŭ esmĭ i) [dĭs]ję[tĭ sig]ovo i pol[ŭ]tĭ vo dĭsętĭ kuno …
      … and cheeses ‒ I bought this for a hryvnia, and ten whitefish and half a carcass for ten kuns.
    • c. 1220‒1240, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 147 [Birchbark letter no. 147]‎[3], Novgorod:
      … пу нь пожали г(ос)подине про сигꙑ ѣще сигово нету а поцта тобь буде гъже а ѧꙁо тобе кланѧюсѧ
      … pu nĭ požali g(os)podine pro sigy jěśće sigovo netu a poćta tobĭ bude gŭže a jęzo tobe klanęjusę
      Don't be angry about the whitefishes ─ there are no whitefishes yet. And the tribute (pochestie) to you will be good. I bow to you (lit. goodbye).
    • c. 1320‒1340, Берестяная грамота № 144 [Birchbark letter no. 144]‎[4], Novgorod:
      … въꙁми · ꙋ тимоѳѣѧ ·н҃· сиговъ [ѡ] ·г҃· рꙋблѧ а роко · на роство ·
      … vŭzmi · u timoθěję 50 sigovŭ [o] 3 rublę a roko · na rostvo ·
      Take 50 whitefish from Timofey for about 3 rubles. And the payment deadline is Christmas.
    • c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 280 [Birchbark letter no. 280]‎[5], Novgorod:
      … ·г҃· таимени ·в҃· просоле и ·е҃· сигово ·е҃· таимени ѧко[л]и[хо]
      … 3 taimeni 2 prosole i 5 sigovo 5 taimeni jęko[l]i[xo]
      … 3 taimen, 2 of them lightly salted, and 5 whitefish and 5 Yakovlev taimen.

Descendants

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  • → Middle Russian: сигъ (sig)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Anikin, A. E. (2000) “сига́”, in Этимологический словарь русских диалектов Сибири. Заимствования из уральских, алтайских и палеоазиатских языков [Etymological dictionary of Russian dialects of Siberia. Loan-words from Uralic, Altaic and Paleoasiatic languages] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow, Novosibirsk: Nauka, →ISBN, page 502
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “сиг”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 160
  3. ^ Vasmer, Max (1972) “сиг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, page 617
  4. ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 798

Further reading

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  • “сиге”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2024

Russian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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сиге́ • (sigé) m anim

  1. prepositional singular of сиг (sig)
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