понеже

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic пон҄еже (ponʹeže); cognates include Russian поне́же (ponéže) (archaic and literary).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [poˈnɛʒɛ]

Conjunction

поне́же • (ponéže)

1. because, since

   Synonym: защо́то (zaštóto)

References

• “понеже”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “понеже”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “понеже”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 515

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• понѥже (ponježe)
• ⱂⱁⱀⰵⰶⰵ (poneže) — Glagolitic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *poňeže. By surface analysis, понѥ (ponje) +‎ -же (-že).

Conjunction

пон҄еже • (ponʹeže)

1. because, since
2. as long as, to what extent
3. therefore, owing to
4. when

Descendants

• Bulgarian: поне́же (ponéže)
• → Pannonian Rusyn: понеже (poneže)
• → Russian: поне́же (ponéže)

References

• “понеже”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
• Mali staroslavensko-hrvatski rječnik, Matica hrvatska, Zagreb, 2004

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic понеже (poneže).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɔˈnɛʒɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛʒɛ
• Hyphenation: по‧не‧же

Conjunction

понеже (poneže)

1. since, because, as

   Synonym: бо (bo)

   • 2024 November 22, А. Паланчанин, “Национални церень”, in Руске Слово‎^[1]:

     З другого боку, за спомнути штири меншини, локални повелї би требали буц инструмент контроли, инструмент унапредзованя, понеже велї елементи у Локалней повелї нє дефиновани у Европскей.

     Z druhoho boku, za spomnuti štiri menšini, lokalni povelji bi trebali buc instrument kontroli, instrument unapredzovanja, poneže velji elementi u Lokalnej povelji nje definovani u Evropskej.

     On the other hand, for the four mentioned minorities, local charters should be an instrument of control, an instrument of improvement, since many elements of the Local charters are not defined in the European one.

   • 2024 November 17, М. Афич, “Шмели и одлучни починац дацо нове”, in Руске Слово‎^[2]:

     Понеже оцец мал овоцнїки и желєняви, було роботи и за велїх людзох з валалу.

     Poneže ocec mal ovocnjiki i željenjavi, bulo roboti i za veljix ljudzox z valalu.

     Since father had orchards and vegetables, there was also work for many people from the village.

2. (right/immediately/straight) after (signifies that the action of the clause it starts takes place before the action of the other clause)

   понеже шицко поробели, пошли дому ― poneže šicko porobeli, pošli domu ― (immediately) after they had done everything, they went home

Usage notes

• Can be used at the beginning of a sentence, unlike бо (bo).
• Sense 1 is significantly more common than sense 2.

References

• Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “понеже”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “since”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 281

Russian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic пон҄еже (ponʹeže), cognates include Bulgarian поне́же (ponéže).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɐˈnʲeʐɨ]

Conjunction

поне́же • (ponéže)

1. (archaic, literary) inasmuch as, as, since, because

   Synonyms: поско́льку (poskólʹku), потому́ что (potomú što)