основа

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [oˈsnɔvɐ]

Noun

осно́ва • (osnóva) f

1. foundation, basis
2. (also mathematics, chemistry) base
3. (linguistics) stem

Declension

Declension of осно́ва

	singular	plural
indefinite	осно́ва osnóva	осно́ви osnóvi
definite	осно́вата osnóvata	осно́вите osnóvite

Derived terms

• осно́вен (osnóven), осно́вно (osnóvno)
• основа́вам impf (osnovávam), основа́ pf (osnová)
• основа́тел (osnovátel), основа́телка (osnovátelka)
• основа́телен (osnovátelen), основа́телно (osnovátelno), основа́телност (osnovátelnost)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔsnɔva]

Noun

основа • (osnova) f (relational adjective основен)

1. base, basis

Declension

Declension of основа

	singular	plural
indefinite	основа	основи
definite unspecified	основата	основите
definite proximal	основава	основиве
definite distal	основана	основине
vocative	осново	основи

Verb

основа • (osnova) third-singular present, impf or pf

1. (transitive) to found, establish

Conjugation

Conjugation of основа (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	основал	—	adjectival participle	основан
feminine	основала	—	adverbial participle	основајќи
neuter	основало	—	verbal noun	основање
plural	основале	—	perfect participle	основано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	основам	основав	—	—
2nd singular	основаш	основаше	—	основај
3rd singular	основа	основаше	—	—
1st plural	основаме	основавме	—	—
2nd plural	основате	основавте	—	основајте
3rd plural	основаат	основаа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум основал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам основано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев основал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав основано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал основано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе основам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам основано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе основав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав основано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум основал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал основано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би основал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал основано		conditional of има + perfect participle

Conjugation of основа (perfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	основал	основал	adjectival participle	основан
feminine	основала	основала	adverbial participle	—
neuter	основало	основало	verbal noun	—
plural	основале	основале	perfect participle	основано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	основам	основав	основав	—
2nd singular	основаш	основаше	основа	основај
3rd singular	основа	основаше	основа	—
1st plural	основаме	основавме	основавме	—
2nd plural	основате	основавте	основавте	основајте
3rd plural	основаат	основаа	основаа	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум основал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + aorist l-participle
има-perfect	имам основано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев основал		imperfect of сум + aorist l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав основано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал основано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе основам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам основано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе основав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав основано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум основал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал основано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би основал		би + aorist l-participle
има-conditional	би имал основано		conditional of има + perfect participle

Russian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic основа (osnova), from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɐsˈnovə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

осно́ва • (osnóva) f inan (genitive осно́вы, nominative plural осно́вы, genitive plural осно́в)

1. basis, foundation, base
2. (in the plural) fundamentals, essential principles, ABC, basics, foundation
3. (linguistics) stem
4. (textile) warp

Declension

Declension of осно́ва (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	осно́ва osnóva	осно́вы osnóvy
genitive	осно́вы osnóvy	осно́в osnóv
dative	осно́ве osnóve	осно́вам osnóvam
accusative	осно́ву osnóvu	осно́вы osnóvy
instrumental	осно́вой, осно́вою osnóvoj, osnóvoju	осно́вами osnóvami
prepositional	осно́ве osnóve	осно́вах osnóvax

Pre-reform declension of осно́ва (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	осно́ва osnóva	осно́вы osnóvy
genitive	осно́вы osnóvy	осно́въ osnóv
dative	осно́вѣ osnóvě	осно́вамъ osnóvam
accusative	осно́ву osnóvu	осно́вы osnóvy
instrumental	осно́вой, осно́вою osnóvoj, osnóvoju	осно́вами osnóvami
prepositional	осно́вѣ osnóvě	осно́вахъ osnóvax

Synonyms

• ба́за (báza), ба́зис (bázis), основа́ние (osnovánije), ядро́ (jadró), костя́к (kostják)
• азы́ (azý), начала (načala)

Related terms

• основа́ние (osnovánije)
• основно́й (osnovnój)
• осно́вывать (osnóvyvatʹ)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “основа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Noun

о̏снова f (Latin spelling ȍsnova)

1. basis, foundation
2. (linguistics) stem (of a word)

Declension

Declension of основа

	singular	plural
nominative	основа	основе
genitive	основе	основа
dative	основи	основама
accusative	основу	основе
vocative	осново	основе
locative	основи	основама
instrumental	основом	основама

Further reading

• “основа”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic основа (osnova), from Proto-Slavic *osnova.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔsˈnɔʋɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

осно́ва • (osnóva) f inan (genitive осно́ви, nominative plural осно́ви, genitive plural осно́в, relational adjective основни́й)

1. basis, base, foundation
2. (chemistry) base

Declension

Declension of осно́ва (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	осно́ва osnóva	осно́ви osnóvy
genitive	осно́ви osnóvy	осно́в osnóv
dative	осно́ві osnóvi	осно́вам osnóvam
accusative	осно́ву osnóvu	осно́ви osnóvy
instrumental	осно́вою osnóvoju	осно́вами osnóvamy
locative	осно́ві osnóvi	осно́вах osnóvax
vocative	осно́во osnóvo	осно́ви osnóvy

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “основа”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka