нищя

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inchoative counterpart of akin ни́тя (nítja) (from Proto-Slavic *nititi (“to thread”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈniʃtʲɐ]

Verb

ни́щя • (níštja) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (transitive, intransitive) to process or unprocess thread

   Synonyms: дя́на (djána), мъ́кна (mǎ́kna), (dialectal) со́вам (sóvam)

   ни́щя низ (transitive) ― níštja niz ― to tread line of strand

   ни́щя цял час (intransitive) ― níštja cjal čas ― to perform threading for a whole hour

2. (transitive) to comb or unstitch (filaments)

   Synonym: че́пкам (čépkam)

3. (figurative, transitive) to analyze, to go over (problem, quandary)

   Synonym: анализи́рам (analizíram)

4. (reflexive with се) to get unstitched (of fabric)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ни́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ни́щещ níštešt	ни́щил, нищи́л1 níštil, ništíl1	ни́щел níštel	ни́щен níšten		ни́щейки níštejki
	definite subject form	ни́щещият níšteštijat	ни́щилият, нищи́лият1 níštilijat, ništílijat1	—	ни́щеният níštenijat
	definite object form	ни́щещия níšteštija	ни́щилия, нищи́лия1 níštilija, ništílija1	—	ни́щения níštenija
feminine	indefinite	ни́щеща níštešta	ни́щила, нищи́ла1 níštila, ništíla1	ни́щела níštela	ни́щена níštena
	definite	ни́щещата níšteštata	ни́щилата, нищи́лата1 níštilata, ništílata1	—	ни́щената níštenata
neuter	indefinite	ни́щещо níštešto	ни́щило, нищи́ло1 níštilo, ništílo1	ни́щело níštelo	ни́щено níšteno	ни́щене níštene
	definite	ни́щещото níšteštoto	ни́щилото, нищи́лото1 níštiloto, ništíloto1	—	ни́щеното níštenoto	ни́щенето níšteneto
plural	indefinite	ни́щещи níštešti	ни́щили, нищи́ли1 níštili, ništíli1	ни́щели níšteli	ни́щени níšteni	ни́щения, ни́щенета níštenija, níšteneta
	definite	ни́щещите níšteštite	ни́щилите, нищи́лите1 níštilite, ništílite1	—	ни́щените níštenite	ни́щенията, ни́щенетата níštenijata, níštenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ни́щя níštja	ни́щиш níštiš	ни́щи níšti	ни́щим níštim	ни́щите níštite	ни́щят níštjat
imperfect		ни́щех níšteh	ни́щеше níšteše	ни́щеше níšteše	ни́щехме níštehme	ни́щехте níštehte	ни́щеха níšteha
aorist		ни́щих, нищи́х1 níštih, ništíh1	ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1	ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1	ни́щихме, нищи́хме1 níštihme, ništíhme1	ни́щихте, нищи́хте1 níštihte, ništíhte1	ни́щиха, нищи́ха1 níštiha, ništíha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			нищи́ niští			нище́те ništéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• вни́щя pf (vníštja), вни́щвам impf (vníštvam, “to get into”) (dialectal, figurative)
• изни́щя pf (izníštja), изни́щвам impf (izníštvam)
• нани́щя pf (naníštja), нани́щвам impf (naníštvam)
• разни́щя pf (razníštja), разни́щвам impf (razníštvam)
• ни́щелка (níštelka, “part of loom, which controls the thread”)

Related terms

• ни́жа (níža, “to string”)
• ни́ча (níča) (dialectal), ни́кна (níkna, “to germinate, to sprout”)
• ни́шка (níška, “thread”)

References

• “нищя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “нищя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “нищя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 668
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ни́щѭ, -ишь; -щи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 277

Etymology 2

Standardized form of dialectal нищим (ništim) (Western dialects), ни́щам (níštam) (Rupian dialects), causative from нищ (ništ, “deprived, destitute”) or ни́що (níšto, “nothing”).

Verb

ни́щя • (níštja) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (transitive, dialectal) to obliterate, to wreck, to destroy

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ни́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ни́щещ níštešt	ни́щил, нищи́л1 níštil, ništíl1	ни́щел níštel	ни́щен níšten		ни́щейки níštejki
	definite subject form	ни́щещият níšteštijat	ни́щилият, нищи́лият1 níštilijat, ništílijat1	—	ни́щеният níštenijat
	definite object form	ни́щещия níšteštija	ни́щилия, нищи́лия1 níštilija, ništílija1	—	ни́щения níštenija
feminine	indefinite	ни́щеща níštešta	ни́щила, нищи́ла1 níštila, ništíla1	ни́щела níštela	ни́щена níštena
	definite	ни́щещата níšteštata	ни́щилата, нищи́лата1 níštilata, ništílata1	—	ни́щената níštenata
neuter	indefinite	ни́щещо níštešto	ни́щило, нищи́ло1 níštilo, ništílo1	ни́щело níštelo	ни́щено níšteno	ни́щене níštene
	definite	ни́щещото níšteštoto	ни́щилото, нищи́лото1 níštiloto, ništíloto1	—	ни́щеното níštenoto	ни́щенето níšteneto
plural	indefinite	ни́щещи níštešti	ни́щили, нищи́ли1 níštili, ništíli1	ни́щели níšteli	ни́щени níšteni	ни́щения, ни́щенета níštenija, níšteneta
	definite	ни́щещите níšteštite	ни́щилите, нищи́лите1 níštilite, ništílite1	—	ни́щените níštenite	ни́щенията, ни́щенетата níštenijata, níštenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ни́щя níštja	ни́щиш níštiš	ни́щи níšti	ни́щим níštim	ни́щите níštite	ни́щят níštjat
imperfect		ни́щех níšteh	ни́щеше níšteše	ни́щеше níšteše	ни́щехме níštehme	ни́щехте níštehte	ни́щеха níšteha
aorist		ни́щих, нищи́х1 níštih, ništíh1	ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1	ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1	ни́щихме, нищи́хме1 níštihme, ništíhme1	ни́щихте, нищи́хте1 níštihte, ništíhte1	ни́щиха, нищи́ха1 níštiha, ništíha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			нищи́ niští			нище́те ništéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Alternative forms

• ни́щим (níštim), ни́щам (níštam) — dialectal, with athematic endings

Related terms

• унищожа́ pf (uništožá), унищожа́вам (uništožávam, “to extinguish, to annihilate”)
• нищу́вам (ništúvam), нищенству́вам (ništenstvúvam, “to live in poverty”) (dated)
• нищета́ (ništetá, “destitution, poverty”)

References

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “нищим (диал.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 667