лом

See also: Appendix:Variations of "lom"

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

Noun

лом • (lom) m (diminutive ломец) (dialectal)

1. fracture, failure, rupture

   лом и погром (idiom) ― lom i pogrom ― total collapse, breakdown (literally, “fracture and downfall”)

2. (by extension) rumpus, tumult, breakdown

   положението е лом ― položenieto e lom ― the situation is catastrophic

3. crowbar (instrument for pecking)

Declension

Declension of лом

	singular	plural
indefinite	лом lom	ло́мове lómove
definite (subject form)	ло́мът lómǎt	ло́мовете lómovete
definite (object form)	ло́ма lóma
count form	—	ло́ма lóma

Alternative forms

• ло́мка f (lómka)

Derived terms

verbs

• (causative-iterative) ломя́ (lomjá)

nouns

• взлом (vzlom)
• зало́м (zalóm) (dialectal)
• изло́м (izlóm) (dialectal)
• отло́мка f (otlómka)
• прело́м (prelóm)
• разло́м (razlóm)

adjectives

• ло́мен (lómen)
• ло́мък (lómǎk)

Related terms

• леме́ж (leméž, “plowshare”)
• ломо́т (lomót, “mumbling”) (dialectal, originally: “fracture”)
  • ломо́тя (lomótja, “to babble, to gibber”)

See also

• Лом (Lom) (toponym, etymologically unrelated)

References

• “лом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “лом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ломъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 20
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лом”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 464

Chechen

Alternative forms

• лам (lam)

Etymology

Borrowed from Georgian ლომი (lomi).

Noun

лом • (lom) class ?

1. lion

Ingush

Etymology

Borrowed from Georgian ლომი (lomi).

Noun

лом • (lom) class ?

1. lion

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɫɔm]

Noun

лом • (lom) m

1. mess, rumpus

Russian

Alternative forms

• ломъ (lom) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɫom]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́ма, nominative plural ло́мы or ломы́, genitive plural ломо́в)

1. crowbar
   • 1887, Всеволод Гаршин [Vsevolod Garshin], Сигнал; English translation from The Signal, New York: Modern Library, 1925:

     — Васи́лий Степа́ныч! Оте́ц родно́й, голу́бчик, вороти́сь! Дай лом! Поста́вим рельс, никто́ не узна́ет. Вороти́сь, спаси́ свою́ ду́шу от греха́.

     — Vasílij Stepányč! Otéc rodnój, golúbčik, vorotísʹ! Daj lom! Postávim relʹs, niktó ne uznájet. Vorotísʹ, spasí svojú dúšu ot grexá.

     "Vasily Stepanych! My dear friend, come back! Give me the crow-bar. We will put the rail back; no one will know. Come back! Save your soul from sin!"

1. scrap, waste

Declension

Declension of лом (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-e/c) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ло́м lóm	ло́мы, ломы́ lómy, lomý
genitive	ло́ма lóma	ломо́в lomóv
dative	ло́му lómu	лома́м lomám
accusative	ло́м lóm	ло́мы, ломы́ lómy, lomý
instrumental	ло́мом lómom	лома́ми lomámi
prepositional	ло́ме lóme	лома́х lomáx

Related terms

• лома́ть (lomátʹ)
• металлоло́м m (metallolóm)

Descendants

• → Armenian: լոմ (lom)
• → Uyghur: لوم (lom)

Anagrams

• мол (mol)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lôːm/

Noun

ло̑м m (Latin spelling lȏm)

1. fracture
2. breach, breakage
3. rumpus, ruckus, uproar
4. refraction, diffraction (of light)

Declension

Declension of лом

	singular	plural
nominative	ло̑м	ло̀мови
genitive	ло̀ма	ло̀мо̄ва̄
dative	лому	ломовима
accusative	лом	ломове
vocative	ломе	ломови
locative	лому	ломовима
instrumental	ломом	ломовима

References

• “лом”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɫɔm]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́ма, nominative plural ломи́, genitive plural ломі́в)

1. crowbar

Declension

Declension of лом
(inan hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	лом lom	ломи́ lomý
genitive	ло́ма lóma	ломі́в lomív
dative	ло́мові, ло́му lómovi, lómu	лома́м lomám
accusative	лом lom	ломи́ lomý
instrumental	ло́мом lómom	лома́ми lomámy
locative	ло́мі lómi	лома́х lomáx
vocative	ло́ме lóme	ломи́ lomý

Noun

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́му, uncountable)

1. (uncountable) scrap, waste, debris (broken items, or fit only for recycling, usually of metal)
2. (uncountable) dry branches or twigs that have fallen on the ground

Declension

Declension of лом
(inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	лом lom
genitive	ло́му lómu
dative	ло́мові, ло́му lómovi, lómu
accusative	лом lom
instrumental	ло́мом lómom
locative	ло́му, ло́мі lómu, lómi
vocative	ло́ме lóme

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лом”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “лом”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN