кретам
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krętati.
Verb
[edit]кре́там • (krétam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective кре́тна)
- (intransitive) to trudge, to tramp with heavy steps (due to exhaustion or encountered hindrance)
- (intransitive, figurative) to struggle, to live from hand to mouth
- едва кретам (idiom) ― edva kretam ― to barely make the ends meet
- (transitive, dialectal) to lift, to elevate [something] with great effort
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of кре́там (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | кре́тащ krétašt |
кре́тал, крета́л1 krétal, kretál1 |
кре́тал krétal |
— | кре́тайки krétajki | |
| definite subject form | кре́тащият krétaštijat |
кре́талият, крета́лият1 krétalijat, kretálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | кре́тащия krétaštija |
кре́талия, крета́лия1 krétalija, kretálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | кре́таща krétašta |
кре́тала, крета́ла1 krétala, kretála1 |
кре́тала krétala |
— | ||
| definite | кре́тащата krétaštata |
кре́талата, крета́лата1 krétalata, kretálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | кре́тащо krétašto |
кре́тало, крета́ло1 krétalo, kretálo1 |
кре́тало krétalo |
— | кре́тане krétane | |
| definite | кре́тащото krétaštoto |
кре́талото, крета́лото1 krétaloto, kretáloto1 |
— | — | кре́тането krétaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | кре́тащи krétašti |
кре́тали, крета́ли1 krétali, kretáli1 |
кре́тали krétali |
— | кре́тания, кре́танета krétanija, krétaneta | |
| definite | кре́тащите krétaštite |
кре́талите, крета́лите1 krétalite, kretálite1 |
— | — | кре́танията, кре́танетата krétanijata, krétanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | кре́там krétam |
кре́таш krétaš |
кре́та kréta |
кре́таме krétame |
кре́тате krétate |
кре́тат krétat | |
| imperfect | кре́тах krétah |
кре́таше krétaše |
кре́таше krétaše |
кре́тахме krétahme |
кре́тахте krétahte |
кре́таха krétaha | |
| aorist | кре́тах, крета́х1 krétah, kretáh1 |
кре́та, крета́1 kréta, kretá1 |
кре́та, крета́1 kréta, kretá1 |
кре́тахме, крета́хме1 krétahme, kretáhme1 |
кре́тахте, крета́хте1 krétahte, kretáhte1 |
кре́таха, крета́ха1 krétaha, kretáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and кре́тал m, кре́тала f, кре́тало n, or кре́тали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and кре́тал m, кре́тала f, кре́тало n, or кре́тали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кре́тал m, кре́тала f, кре́тало n, or кре́тали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and кре́тал/крета́л1 m, кре́тала/крета́ла1 f, кре́тало/крета́ло1 n, or кре́тали/крета́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| кре́тай krétaj |
кре́тайте krétajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
[edit]- кре́твам (krétvam), кре́ткам (krétkam) (semelfactive)
- крету́цам (kretúcam, “to walk slowly, to totter”) (dialectal)
- докре́там pf (dokrétam), докре́твам impf (dokrétvam)
- закре́там pf (zakrétam), закре́твам impf (zakrétvam)
- изкре́там pf (izkrétam), изкре́твам impf (izkrétvam)
- накре́там се pf (nakrétam se), накре́твам се impf (nakrétvam se)
- прекре́там pf (prekrétam), прекре́твам impf (prekrétvam)
References
[edit]- “кретам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “кретам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Anagrams
[edit]- маркет (market)