козакъ

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Kazakh қазақ (qazaq), from a Turkic word quzzāq meaning “free man, wanderer," from Old Turkic [script needed] (*qazǧaq, “profiteer”), from [script needed] (qazǧanmaq, “to acquire”), from [script needed] (qazmaq, “to dig out”), from Proto-Turkic *kaŕ-. Compare Ottoman Turkish قازاق (qazaq), قزّاق (qazzaq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔˈzɑkʊ/→/kɔˈzakʊ/→/kɔˈzak/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /kɔˈzɑkʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /kɔˈzakʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /kɔˈzak/

• Hyphenation: ко‧за‧къ

Noun

козакъ (kozakŭ)

1. Cossack
2. worker

Descendants

• Belarusian: каза́к (kazák)
• Russian: каза́к (kazák), коза́к (kozák), коза́къ (kozák) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
  • → Aleut: Kasakax̂
  • → Danish: kosak
  • → Finnish: kasakka
  • → Ingrian: kazakka
  • → Kamassian: кхазакх (kʰazakʰ)
  • → Romanian: cazac
  • → Proto-Samic:
    • Kildin Sami: kаs (kas, “servant”)
  • → Yup'ik: kass'aq
• Ukrainian: коза́к (kozák)
  • → Hungarian: kozák sg
  • → Polish: Kozak m sg
    • → Middle French: cosaque, cosache
      • French: cosaque m sg
      • → Dutch: kozak m sg
      • → English: Cossack m sg
  • → Slovak: kozák m sg
  • → Yiddish: קאָזאַק m sg (kozak)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “казак”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress