жугам
Bulgarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Unclear.
Compare Lithuanian žiáugėti (“to vomit, to belch”), from reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to gush, to scatter”).
Verb
[edit]жу́гам • (žúgam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective жу́гна) (dialectal)
- (intransitive) to scoot, to bolt, to dart off
- Synonyms: ху́квам (húkvam), вту́рвам се (vtúrvam se)
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of жу́гам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | жу́гащ žúgašt |
жу́гал, жуга́л1 žúgal, žugál1 |
жу́гал žúgal |
— | жу́гайки žúgajki | |
| definite subject form | жу́гащият žúgaštijat |
жу́галият, жуга́лият1 žúgalijat, žugálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | жу́гащия žúgaštija |
жу́галия, жуга́лия1 žúgalija, žugálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | жу́гаща žúgašta |
жу́гала, жуга́ла1 žúgala, žugála1 |
жу́гала žúgala |
— | ||
| definite | жу́гащата žúgaštata |
жу́галата, жуга́лата1 žúgalata, žugálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | жу́гащо žúgašto |
жу́гало, жуга́ло1 žúgalo, žugálo1 |
жу́гало žúgalo |
— | жу́гане žúgane | |
| definite | жу́гащото žúgaštoto |
жу́галото, жуга́лото1 žúgaloto, žugáloto1 |
— | — | жу́гането žúganeto | ||
| plural | indefinite | жу́гащи žúgašti |
жу́гали, жуга́ли1 žúgali, žugáli1 |
жу́гали žúgali |
— | жу́гания, жу́ганета žúganija, žúganeta | |
| definite | жу́гащите žúgaštite |
жу́галите, жуга́лите1 žúgalite, žugálite1 |
— | — | жу́ганията, жу́ганетата žúganijata, žúganetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | жу́гам žúgam |
жу́гаш žúgaš |
жу́га žúga |
жу́гаме žúgame |
жу́гате žúgate |
жу́гат žúgat | |
| imperfect | жу́гах žúgah |
жу́гаше žúgaše |
жу́гаше žúgaše |
жу́гахме žúgahme |
жу́гахте žúgahte |
жу́гаха žúgaha | |
| aorist | жу́гах, жуга́х1 žúgah, žugáh1 |
жу́га, жуга́1 žúga, žugá1 |
жу́га, жуга́1 žúga, žugá1 |
жу́гахме, жуга́хме1 žúgahme, žugáhme1 |
жу́гахте, жуга́хте1 žúgahte, žugáhte1 |
жу́гаха, жуга́ха1 žúgaha, žugáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and жу́гал m, жу́гала f, жу́гало n, or жу́гали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал m, жу́гала f, жу́гало n, or жу́гали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́гал m, жу́гала f, жу́гало n, or жу́гали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| жу́гай žúgaj |
жу́гайте žúgajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
[edit]- жу́гвам (žúgvam) (semelfactive)
References
[edit]- Nayden Gerov (1897) “жю́гамь (жю́гвамь, жю́гнѫ)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 25
Etymology 2
[edit]Probably from blending of Bulgarian же́гвам (žégvam, “to prod”) and жу́ля (žúlja, “to rub”).
Verb
[edit]жу́гам • (žúgam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective жу́гна) (dialectal)
- (transitive) to rub, to scratch, to grate
- (intransitive) to ache, to hurt, to ail
- (by extension) to degenerate, to worsen (for ailment)
- (figuratively) to live miserably, to barely make ends meet
- (reflexive) (+ personal pronoun) to experience pain, irritation, discomfort
- жуга ме глава́та ― žuga me glaváta ― [I] have headache
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of жу́гам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | жу́гащ žúgašt |
жу́гал, жуга́л1 žúgal, žugál1 |
жу́гал žúgal |
жу́ган žúgan |
жу́гайки žúgajki | |
| definite subject form | жу́гащият žúgaštijat |
жу́галият, жуга́лият1 žúgalijat, žugálijat1 |
— | жу́ганият žúganijat | |||
| definite object form | жу́гащия žúgaštija |
жу́галия, жуга́лия1 žúgalija, žugálija1 |
— | жу́гания žúganija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | жу́гаща žúgašta |
жу́гала, жуга́ла1 žúgala, žugála1 |
жу́гала žúgala |
жу́гана žúgana | ||
| definite | жу́гащата žúgaštata |
жу́галата, жуга́лата1 žúgalata, žugálata1 |
— | жу́ганата žúganata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | жу́гащо žúgašto |
жу́гало, жуга́ло1 žúgalo, žugálo1 |
жу́гало žúgalo |
жу́гано žúgano |
жу́гане žúgane | |
| definite | жу́гащото žúgaštoto |
жу́галото, жуга́лото1 žúgaloto, žugáloto1 |
— | жу́ганото žúganoto |
жу́гането žúganeto | ||
| plural | indefinite | жу́гащи žúgašti |
жу́гали, жуга́ли1 žúgali, žugáli1 |
жу́гали žúgali |
жу́гани žúgani |
жу́гания, жу́ганета žúganija, žúganeta | |
| definite | жу́гащите žúgaštite |
жу́галите, жуга́лите1 žúgalite, žugálite1 |
— | жу́ганите žúganite |
жу́ганията, жу́ганетата žúganijata, žúganetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | жу́гам žúgam |
жу́гаш žúgaš |
жу́га žúga |
жу́гаме žúgame |
жу́гате žúgate |
жу́гат žúgat | |
| imperfect | жу́гах žúgah |
жу́гаше žúgaše |
жу́гаше žúgaše |
жу́гахме žúgahme |
жу́гахте žúgahte |
жу́гаха žúgaha | |
| aorist | жу́гах, жуга́х1 žúgah, žugáh1 |
жу́га, жуга́1 žúga, žugá1 |
жу́га, жуга́1 žúga, žugá1 |
жу́гахме, жуга́хме1 žúgahme, žugáhme1 |
жу́гахте, жуга́хте1 žúgahte, žugáhte1 |
жу́гаха, жуга́ха1 žúgaha, žugáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and жу́гал m, жу́гала f, жу́гало n, or жу́гали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал m, жу́гала f, жу́гало n, or жу́гали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́гал m, жу́гала f, жу́гало n, or жу́гали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and жу́гал/жуга́л1 m, жу́гала/жуга́ла1 f, жу́гало/жуга́ло1 n, or жу́гали/жуга́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| жу́гай žúgaj |
жу́гайте žúgajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
[edit]- жу́гла (žúgla, “pest, louse”) (dialectal)
References
[edit]- Nayden Gerov (1897) “жю́га (да жю́гне)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][2] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 25
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жугам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 556
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