гад

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• had — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian гадъ (had), from Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɣat]

Noun

гад • (had) m animal (genitive га́да, nominative plural га́ды, genitive plural га́даў)

1. (dated, zoology) reptile (a cold-blooded vertebrate)

   Synonyms: паўзу́н (paŭzún), рэпты́лія (reptýlija)

   Hyponyms: змяя́ (zmjajá), жа́ба (žába)

   • 1937 [1719], Daniel Defoe, translated by Зяма Раманавіч Півавараў, edited by Janka Maŭr, Жыццё і дзіўныя небывалыя прыгоды Рабінзона Крузо [The life and astonishing adventures of Robinson Crusoe], Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Robinson Crusoe, page 133:

     Гэта быў дзівосны грот з сухой і роўнай падлогай, пакрытай дробным пяском. Нідзе ніякіх адзнак цвілі або вільгаці, нідзе ніводнага сляда брыдкіх насякомых і атрутных гадаў.

     Heta byŭ dzivósny hrot z suxój i róŭnaj padlóhaj, pakrytaj dróbnym pjaskóm. Nidzje nijakix adznak cvili abó vilʹhaci, nidzje nivódnaha sljada brydkix nasjakómyx i atrutnyx hadaŭ.

     [original: The place I was in was a most delightful cavity, or grotto, though perfectly dark; the floor was dry and level, and had a sort of a small loose gravel upon it, so that there was no nauseous or venomous creature to be seen, neither was there any damp or wet on the sides or roof.]

     It was a delightful grotto with a dry and level floor, covered in a sort of a small loose gravel. There were no signs of mold or dampness anywhere, nor any trace of nauseous insects or venomous reptiles.

2. (literary, mythology) serpent (a snake, especially a large or dangerous one)

   Synonym: цмок (cmok)

   • 1918, Francišak Alachnovič, Bazylišk, Vilnius: Drukarnia M. Kuchty, page 9:

     Toj čeławiek kazaŭ: treba kniazieŭnu ŭziać, wywiaści za mury i prywiazać da drewa niepadalok ad nary, ŭ katoraj had žywie. Tam Bazylišk z jaje ŭsiu wysmakče kroŭ i pojdzie, skul pryjšoŭ za trydcać hor, za trydcać rek!

     That man said: we ought to take the princess, lead her outside the walls and tie her to a tree near the burrow, where the serpent lives. There, the Basilisk will suck all the blood from her and then go beyond thirty mountains and thirty rivers, back to where it came from!

3. (figuratively, derogatory) creep, repulsive person, vile creature, scoundrel, cad, asshole, bastard (a mean, grovelling, loathsome or repulsive person)

   Synonym: мярзо́тнік (mjarzótnik)

   • 1940 [1882], Mark Twain, translated by Janka Maŭr, Прынц і жабрак, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Prince and the Pauper, page 72:

     У мяне асталося два браты: Артур, старэйшы, душою і характарам у бацьку, і Г’ю, малодшы за мяне, нізкі чалавек, зайздросны, прагны, подлы, вераломны — сапраўдны гад.

     U mjanje astalósja dva braty: Artur, starejšy, dušóju i xaraktaram u bacʹku, i Hʺju, malódšy za mjanje, nizki čalavjek, zajzdrósny, prahny, pódly, vjeralómny — sapraŭdny had.

     [original: I have two brothers: Arthur, my elder, with a soul like to his father's; and Hugh, younger than I, a mean spirit, covetous, treacherous, vicious, underhanded—a reptile.]

     I was left with two brothers: Arthur, my elder, with a soul like to his father's; and Hugh, younger than I, a mean spirit, covetous, treacherous, vicious, underhanded—a real scoundrel.

Declension

Declension of гад (anml hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	гад had	га́ды hády
genitive	га́да háda	га́даў hádaŭ
dative	га́ду hádu	га́дам hádam
accusative	га́да háda	га́даў hádaŭ
instrumental	га́дам hádam	га́дамі hádami
locative	га́дзе hádzje	га́дах hádax
count form	—	га́ды1 hády1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

References

• Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1985), “гадъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 6 (выостреный – глядати), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 239
• “гад”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “гад” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Carpathian Rusyn

Etymology

From Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

Noun

гад • (had)

1. reptile
2. snake; lizard

   Бо клевета єст як мітычна лернейска гыдра – гад, котрий мал вельо лебів.

   Bo kleveta jest jak mitŷčna lernejska hŷdra – had, kotryj mal velʹo lebiv.

   Because untruth is like mythological Larnaean Hydra - reptile, that have lots of heads.

Further reading

• Kercha, Ihor (2012) Словник русько-русинськый: у 2 т. [Russian-Rusyn Dictionary: in 2 vols] (overall work in Russian and Carpathian Rusyn), Uzhhorod: PoliPrint

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡat]

Noun

гад • (gad) m (plural гадови, relational adjective гаден)

1. bastard, scumbag, scum

Declension

Declension of гад

	singular	plural
indefinite	гад (gad)	гадови (gadovi)
definite unspecified	гадот (gadot)	гадовите (gadovite)
definite proximal	гадов (gadov)	гадовиве (gadovive)
definite distal	гадон (gadon)	гадовине (gadovine)
vocative	гаду (gadu)	гадови (gadovi)
count form	—	гада (gada)

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak had, from Proto-Slavic *gadъ. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn гад (had) and Slovak had. Alternation of -дз- (-dz-) and -дж- (-dž-) in derived forms may be attributed to the suppletion of variants, later confluence, and ultimately koinëisation of various eastern Old Slovak dialects as spoken by Rusyns.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦat]
• Rhymes: -at
• Hyphenation: гад

Noun

гад (had) m anim (diminutive гадзик, female equivalent гаджица, augmentative гадзиско, related adjective гадов or гаджи)

1. snake, serpent, viper

Declension

Declension of гад

	singular	plural
nominative	гад had	гади hadi
genitive	гада hada	гадох hadox
dative	гадови hadovi	гадом hadom
accusative	гада hada	гади hadi
instrumental	гадом hadom	гадами hadami
locative	гадови hadovi	гадох hadox
vocative	гаду hadu	гади hadi

Derived terms

adjectives

• гадасти (hadasti)

 

nouns

• гадар m pers (hadar)

 

References

• Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “гад”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “snake”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 288

Russian

Alternative forms

• гадъ (gad) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

From Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ. Cognates include German Kot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡat]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

гад • (gad) m anim (genitive га́да, nominative plural га́ды, genitive plural га́дов)

1. reptile or amphibian
2. (figuratively, derogatory) creep, repulsive person, vile creature, scoundrel, cad, asshole, bastard

   Synonyms: га́дина (gádina), мерза́вец (merzávec), паску́да (paskúda), свинья́ (svinʹjá)

Declension

Declension of гад (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	га́д gád	га́ды gády
genitive	га́да gáda	га́дов gádov
dative	га́ду gádu	га́дам gádam
accusative	га́да gáda	га́дов gádov
instrumental	га́дом gádom	га́дами gádami
prepositional	га́де gáde	га́дах gádax

Related terms

• гадёныш (gadjónyš)
• га́дина (gádina)
• га́дить (gáditʹ)
• га́дкий (gádkij)
• га́дость (gádostʹ)
• гадский (gadskij)
• гадю́ка (gadjúka)

Descendants

• → Karelian:
  • South Karelian: guada

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

Noun

га̏д m (Latin spelling gȁd)

1. a repulsive person
2. scoundrel
3. cad
4. asshole
5. snake; lizard

Declension

Declension of гад

	singular	plural
nominative	гад	гадови
genitive	гада	гадова
dative	гаду	гадовима
accusative	гада	гадове
vocative	гаде	гадови
locative	гаду	гадовима
instrumental	гадом	гадовима

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic гадъ (gadŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɦad]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

гад • (had) m animal (genitive га́да, nominative plural га́ди, genitive plural га́дів)

1. reptile
2. (figuratively, derogatory) creep, repulsive person, vile creature, scoundrel, cad, asshole, bastard

Declension

Declension of гад (animal hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	гад had	га́ди hády
genitive	га́да háda	га́дів hádiv
dative	га́дові, га́ду hádovi, hádu	га́дам hádam
accusative	га́да háda	га́ди, га́дів hády, hádiv
instrumental	га́дом hádom	га́дами hádamy
locative	га́дові, га́ді hádovi, hádi	га́дах hádax
vocative	га́де háde	га́ди hády

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гад”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “гад”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN