вехна
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vędnǫti. The epenthetic -х- is due to folk association with synonymous съ́хна (sǎ́hna, “to get dry, to wither”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ве́хна • (véhna) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to fade away, to wilt (of plants)
- (intransitive, figurative) to languish, to lose strength/will (of people, animals)
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of ве́хна (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ве́хнещ véhnešt |
ве́хнал, вехна́л1 véhnal, vehnál1 |
ве́хнел véhnel |
— | ве́хнейки véhnejki | |
| definite subject form | ве́хнещият véhneštijat |
ве́хналият, вехна́лият1 véhnalijat, vehnálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | ве́хнещия véhneštija |
ве́хналия, вехна́лия1 véhnalija, vehnálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ве́хнеща véhnešta |
ве́хнала, вехна́ла1 véhnala, vehnála1 |
ве́хнела véhnela |
— | ||
| definite | ве́хнещата véhneštata |
ве́хналата, вехна́лата1 véhnalata, vehnálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ве́хнещо véhnešto |
ве́хнало, вехна́ло1 véhnalo, vehnálo1 |
ве́хнело véhnelo |
— | ве́хнене véhnene | |
| definite | ве́хнещото véhneštoto |
ве́хналото, вехна́лото1 véhnaloto, vehnáloto1 |
— | — | ве́хненето véhneneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ве́хнещи véhnešti |
ве́хнали, вехна́ли1 véhnali, vehnáli1 |
ве́хнели véhneli |
— | ве́хнения, ве́хненета véhnenija, véhneneta | |
| definite | ве́хнещите véhneštite |
ве́хналите, вехна́лите1 véhnalite, vehnálite1 |
— | — | ве́хненията, ве́хненетата véhnenijata, véhnenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ве́хна véhna |
ве́хнеш véhneš |
ве́хне véhne |
ве́хнем véhnem |
ве́хнете véhnete |
ве́хнат véhnat | |
| imperfect | ве́хнех véhneh |
ве́хнеше véhneše |
ве́хнеше véhneše |
ве́хнехме véhnehme |
ве́хнехте véhnehte |
ве́хнеха véhneha | |
| aorist | ве́хнах, вехна́х1 véhnah, vehnáh1 |
ве́хна, вехна́1 véhna, vehná1 |
ве́хна, вехна́1 véhna, vehná1 |
ве́хнахме, вехна́хме1 véhnahme, vehnáhme1 |
ве́хнахте, вехна́хте1 véhnahte, vehnáhte1 |
ве́хнаха, вехна́ха1 véhnaha, vehnáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ве́хнел m, ве́хнела f, ве́хнело n, or ве́хнели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ве́хнел m, ве́хнела f, ве́хнело n, or ве́хнели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ве́хнел m, ве́хнела f, ве́хнело n, or ве́хнели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ве́хнал/вехна́л1 m, ве́хнала/вехна́ла1 f, ве́хнало/вехна́ло1 n, or ве́хнали/вехна́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| вехни́ vehní |
вехне́те vehnéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- завехна pf (zavehna), завяхвам impf (zavjahvam)
- навехна pf (navehna), навяхвам impf (navjahvam, “to strain, to rick a muscle”)
- повехна pf (povehna), повяхвам impf (povjahvam)
- свехна pf (svehna), свяхвам impf (svjahvam) (dialectal)
- увехна pf (uvehna), увяхвам impf (uvjahvam)
- невехне́н (nevehnén) (dialectal), неве́н (nevén, “marigold”) (type of flower)
References
[edit]- “вехна”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “вехна”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1895) “вѧ́хнѫ, -ешь; -нѫлъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 204
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вехна, вяхна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 138