ватра

Bulgarian

Etymology

Borrowed either directly from Tosk Albanian vatër, or from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.).^[1]^[2]^[3] Borrowed also into Czech vatra. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈvatrɐ]
Audio: (file)

Noun

ва́тра • (vátra) f (dialectal)

torch
fireplace
Synonyms: пещ (pešt), огни́ще (ogníšte)

Declension

Declension of ва́тра

	singular	plural
indefinite	ва́тра vátra	ва́три vátri
definite	ва́трата vátrata	ва́трите vátrite

Derived terms

ва́трище (vátrište)
ватра́л (vatrál, “branding tool”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1
2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
^ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
^ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

Anagrams

врата (vrata)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed either directly from Tosk Albanian vatër, or from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.).^[1]^[2]^[3] Borrowed also into Czech vatra. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋâtra/
Hyphenation: ват‧ра

Noun

ва̏тра f (Latin spelling vȁtra)

fire
Synonym: о̀гањ

Declension

Declension of ватра

	singular	plural
nominative	ва̏тра	ватре
genitive	ватре	ва̏та̄ра̄ / ва̏трӣ
dative	ватри	ватрама
accusative	ватру	ватре
vocative	ватро	ватре
locative	ватри	ватрама
instrumental	ватром	ватрама

Derived terms

ва̏трен

References

“ватра”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Anagrams

врата

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1
2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
^ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
^ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

Ukrainian

Etymology

Borrowed from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.).^[1]^[2]^[3] Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈʋatrɐ]
Audio: (file)

Noun

ва́тра • (vátra) f inan (genitive ва́три, nominative plural ва́три, genitive plural ватр)

(dialectal) fireside, bonfire, hearth

Declension

Declension of ва́тра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ва́тра vátra	ва́три vátry
genitive	ва́три vátry	ватр vatr
dative	ва́трі vátri	ва́трам vátram
accusative	ва́тру vátru	ва́три vátry
instrumental	ва́трою vátroju	ва́трами vátramy
locative	ва́трі vátri	ва́трах vátrax
vocative	ва́тро vátro	ва́три vátry

Synonyms

во́гнище (vóhnyšče), бага́ття (baháttja, “bonfire”)
вого́нь (vohónʹ), ого́нь (ohónʹ, “fire”)
полу́м'я (polúmʺja), по́лумінь (póluminʹ, “flame”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1
2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
^ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
^ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

[Vermeer-1] 1.0 ^1.1
2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."

[2] Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232

[3] Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

[Vermeer-4] 1.0 ^1.1
2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."

[5] Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232

[6] Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

[Vermeer-7] 1.0 ^1.1
2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
"As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."

[8] Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232

[9] Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

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