χοῖρος
Appearance
See also: χοίρος
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Traditionally derived from Proto-Hellenic *kʰóřřos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰóryos (“pig”) (whence Albanian derr (“id”)), from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) + *-yos (owing to the bristliness of wild pigs), whence *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”). But in view of the limited distribution, Beekes suspects a Pre-Greek substrate origin for the Greek and Albanian terms.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰôi̯.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰy.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈçy.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈçy.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈçi.ros/
Noun
[edit]χοῖρος • (khoîros) m (genitive χοίρου); second declension
- a pig, especially a young one.
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Archarnians 521:
- Κεἴ που σίκυον ἴδοιεν ἢ λαγῴδιον
ἢ χοιρίδιον ἢ σκόροδον ἢ χόνδρους ἅλας,
ταῦτ’ ἦν “Μεγαρικὰ” κἀπέπρατ’ αὐθημερόν.- Keí pou síkuon ídoien ḕ lagṓidion
ḕ khoirídion ḕ skórodon ḕ khóndrous hálas,
taût’ ên “Megarikà” kapéprat’ authēmerón. - And if they see a cucumber or a young hare
or a piglet or a clove of garlic or a granule of salt,
They would shout "Megarian!" and take it all away.
- Keí pou síkuon ídoien ḕ lagṓidion
- Κεἴ που σίκυον ἴδοιεν ἢ λαγῴδιον
- (generally) swine
- (slang, vulgar) female genitalia, especially those belonging to a young woman
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Archarnians 782–783:
- Νῦν γε χοῖρος φαίνεται.
ἀτὰρ ἐκτραφείς γε κύσθος ἔσται.- Nûn ge khoîros phaínetai.
atàr ektrapheís ge kústhos éstai. - Now it looks like a pussy.
But once it's been reared, it'll be a cunt.
- Nûn ge khoîros phaínetai.
- Νῦν γε χοῖρος φαίνεται.
- a fish of the Nile
Usage notes
[edit]- For the semantic shift of “pig” to “female genitalia”, compare the same Latin use of porcus.
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ χοῖρος ho khoîros |
τὼ χοίρω tṑ khoírō |
οἱ χοῖροι hoi khoîroi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ χοίρου toû khoírou |
τοῖν χοίροιν toîn khoíroin |
τῶν χοίρων tôn khoírōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ χοίρῳ tôi khoírōi |
τοῖν χοίροιν toîn khoíroin |
τοῖς χοίροις toîs khoírois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν χοῖρον tòn khoîron |
τὼ χοίρω tṑ khoírō |
τοὺς χοίρους toùs khoírous | ||||||||||
Vocative | χοῖρε khoîre |
χοίρω khoírō |
χοῖροι khoîroi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- χοίρειος (khoíreios)
- χοιρίδιον (khoirídion)
- χοίρινος (khoírinos)
- χοιρίον (khoiríon)
- Χοιροβοσκός (Khoiroboskós)
- χοιροκομεῖον (khoirokomeîon)
- χοιροπῐ́θηκος (khoiropíthēkos)
- χοιροπώλης (khoiropṓlēs)
- χοιροτροφεῖον (khoirotropheîon)
- χοιροφορέω (khoirophoréō)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: χοίρος (choíros)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χοῖρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1640–1641
Further reading
[edit]- “χοῖρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χοῖρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χοῖρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χοῖρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- χοῖρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G5519 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “χοῖρος”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, pages 1266–1267
- Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “χοῖρος”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 1107–1108
- Lamberterie, Charles de (1980) “Échange de gutturales en arménien”, in Annual of Armenian linguistics (in French), volume 1, pages 25–26
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek properispomenon terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek slang
- Ancient Greek vulgarities
- grc:Pigs