τσιγγάνος

See also: Τσιγγάνος

Greek

Alternative forms

Τσιγγάνος (Tsingános)
αθίγγανος (athínganos), Αθίγγανος (Athínganos) (formal)
ατσίγγανος (atsínganos), ατσίγγανος (atsínganos)

Etymology

Via Byzantine Greek Ἀτσίγγανος (Atsínganos)^[1]^[2]^[3] and Ἀθίγγανος (Athínganos) from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”),^[4] ultimately a compound of privative ἀ- (a-) + θιγγάνω (thingánō, “to touch”).^[5]^[6]^[7] The Middle Greek word had initially been the name of a Christian sect,^[8] the Melchizedekian sect, which was subsequently associated to Romani people.^[9]

Nişanyan suggests,^[10] due to the very recent first attestation of the term in Greek (1378 AD), a Turkish lemma çıgañ /t͡ʃɯˈɣaɲ/ ("destitute, lazy") as its origin, which, in turn, explains the replacement of the accent. This modern accent could also be influenced by the feminine form Ἀτσιγγάνα (Atsingána).^[11]

Petrounias,^[12] however, explains αθίγγανος (athínganos)^[13] as a paretymological variant of ἀτσίγγανος (atsínganos), influenced by the name of the Christian sect.

Also see Italian zingano, German Zigeuner, Turkish çingene.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡siŋˈɡa.nos/
Hyphenation: τσιγ‧γά‧νος

Noun

τσιγγάνος • (tsingános) m (plural τσιγγάνοι, feminine τσιγγάνα)

Gypsy, Gipsy

Declension

Declension of **τσιγγάνος**
	singular	plural
nominative	τσιγγάνος (tsingános)	τσιγγάνοι (tsingánoi)
genitive	τσιγγάνου (tsingánou)	τσιγγάνων (tsingánon)
accusative	τσιγγάνο (tsingáno)	τσιγγάνους (tsingánous)
vocative	τσιγγάνε (tsingáne)	τσιγγάνοι (tsingánoi)

References

^ τσιγγάνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
^ ατσίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
^ Ατσίγγανος - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
^ “ἀθίγγανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
^ 1993, Struggling for Ethnic Identity: The Gypsies of Hungary (published by Human Rights Watch), page 1
^ 2004, Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History (Bucharest), page 9
^ 2007, Jean-Pierre Liégeois, Roma In Europe, page 17
^ 2010, Gabriela Brozba, Between reality and myth: A corpus-based analysis of the stereotypic image of some Romanian ethnic minorities, page 42
^ τσιγγάνος - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
^ https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/çingene
^ Ατσιγγάνα - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
^ ατσίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
^ αθίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

[1] τσιγγάνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

[2] ατσίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

[3] Ατσίγγανος - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)

[4] “ἀθίγγανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

[5] 1993, Struggling for Ethnic Identity: The Gypsies of Hungary (published by Human Rights Watch), page 1

[6] 2004, Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History (Bucharest), page 9

[7] 2007, Jean-Pierre Liégeois, Roma In Europe, page 17

[8] 2010, Gabriela Brozba, Between reality and myth: A corpus-based analysis of the stereotypic image of some Romanian ethnic minorities, page 42

[9] τσιγγάνος - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre

[10] ttps://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/çingene

[11] Ατσιγγάνα - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)

[12] ατσίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

[13] αθίγγανος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

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