θιγγάνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

This verb has been analyzed as a nasal present of Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold”), with supposed parallels in Latin fingō (“to shape; feign”) and Old Armenian դիզանեմ (dizanem, “to heap up, gather”). However, this faces the phonetic problem that *θιγχ- (*thinkh-) should be expected. Unresolved.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tʰiŋ.ɡá.nɔː/ → /θiŋˈɡa.no/ → /θiŋˈɡa.no/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰiŋ.ɡá.nɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tʰiŋˈɡa.no/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /θiŋˈɡa.no/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /θiŋˈɡa.no/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /θiŋˈɡa.no/

Verb

θῐγγᾰ́νω • (thingánō)

1. to touch, handle
2. to take hold of
3. to touch, attempt
4. (figuratively, of the feelings) to touch, reach the heart
5. (in speaking or discussion) to touch on, mention briefly
6. to reach, win

Inflection

   Present: θῐγγᾰ́νω, θῐγγᾰ́νομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	θῐγγᾰ́νω	θῐγγᾰ́νεις	θῐγγᾰ́νει	θῐγγᾰ́νετον	θῐγγᾰ́νετον	θῐγγᾰ́νομεν	θῐγγᾰ́νετε	θῐγγᾰ́νουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	θῐγγᾰ́νω	θῐγγᾰ́νῃς	θῐγγᾰ́νῃ	θῐγγᾰ́νητον	θῐγγᾰ́νητον	θῐγγᾰ́νωμεν	θῐγγᾰ́νητε	θῐγγᾰ́νωσῐ(ν)
	optative	θῐγγᾰ́νοιμῐ	θῐγγᾰ́νοις	θῐγγᾰ́νοι	θῐγγᾰ́νοιτον	θῐγγᾰνοίτην	θῐγγᾰ́νοιμεν	θῐγγᾰ́νοιτε	θῐγγᾰ́νοιεν
	imperative		θῐ́γγᾰνε	θῐγγᾰνέτω	θῐγγᾰ́νετον	θῐγγᾰνέτων		θῐγγᾰ́νετε	θῐγγᾰνόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	θῐγγᾰ́νομαι	θῐγγᾰ́νῃ, θῐγγᾰ́νει	θῐγγᾰ́νεται	θῐγγᾰ́νεσθον	θῐγγᾰ́νεσθον	θῐγγᾰνόμεθᾰ	θῐγγᾰ́νεσθε	θῐγγᾰ́νονται
	subjunctive	θῐγγᾰ́νωμαι	θῐγγᾰ́νῃ	θῐγγᾰ́νηται	θῐγγᾰ́νησθον	θῐγγᾰ́νησθον	θῐγγᾰνώμεθᾰ	θῐγγᾰ́νησθε	θῐγγᾰ́νωνται
	optative	θῐγγᾰνοίμην	θῐγγᾰ́νοιο	θῐγγᾰ́νοιτο	θῐγγᾰ́νοισθον	θῐγγᾰνοίσθην	θῐγγᾰνοίμεθᾰ	θῐγγᾰ́νοισθε	θῐγγᾰ́νοιντο
	imperative		θῐγγᾰ́νου	θῐγγᾰνέσθω	θῐγγᾰ́νεσθον	θῐγγᾰνέσθων		θῐγγᾰ́νεσθε	θῐγγᾰνέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		θῐγγᾰ́νειν				θῐγγᾰ́νεσθαι
participle	m	θῐγγᾰ́νων				θῐγγᾰνόμενος
	f	θῐγγᾰ́νουσᾰ				θῐγγᾰνομένη
	n	θῐγγᾰ́νον				θῐγγᾰνόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐθῐ́γγᾰνον, ἐθῐγγᾰνόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐθῐ́γγᾰνον	ἐθῐ́γγᾰνες	ἐθῐ́γγᾰνε(ν)	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νετον	ἐθῐγγᾰνέτην	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νομεν	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νετε	ἐθῐ́γγᾰνον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐθῐγγᾰνόμην	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νου	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νετο	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νεσθον	ἐθῐγγᾰνέσθην	ἐθῐγγᾰνόμεθᾰ	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νεσθε	ἐθῐγγᾰ́νοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: θῐ́ξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	θῐ́ξομαι	θῐ́ξῃ, θῐ́ξει	θῐ́ξεται	θῐ́ξεσθον	θῐ́ξεσθον	θῐξόμεθᾰ	θῐ́ξεσθε	θῐ́ξονται
	optative	θῐξοίμην	θῐ́ξοιο	θῐ́ξοιτο	θῐ́ξοισθον	θῐξοίσθην	θῐξοίμεθᾰ	θῐ́ξοισθε	θῐ́ξοιντο
					middle
infinitive					θῐ́ξεσθαι
participle	m				θῐξόμενος
	f				θῐξομένη
	n				θῐξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔθῐγον, ἐθῐγόμην, ἐθῐ́χθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔθῐγον	ἔθῐγες	ἔθῐγε(ν)	ἐθῐ́γετον	ἐθῐγέτην	ἐθῐ́γομεν	ἐθῐ́γετε	ἔθῐγον
	subjunctive	θῐ́γω	θῐ́γῃς	θῐ́γῃ	θῐ́γητον	θῐ́γητον	θῐ́γωμεν	θῐ́γητε	θῐ́γωσῐ(ν)
	optative	θῐ́γοιμῐ	θῐ́γοις	θῐ́γοι	θῐ́γοιτον	θῐγοίτην	θῐ́γοιμεν	θῐ́γοιτε	θῐ́γοιεν
	imperative		θῐ́γε	θῐγέτω	θῐ́γετον	θῐγέτων		θῐ́γετε	θῐγόντων
middle	indicative	ἐθῐγόμην	ἐθῐ́γου	ἐθῐ́γετο	ἐθῐ́γεσθον	ἐθῐγέσθην	ἐθῐγόμεθᾰ	ἐθῐ́γεσθε	ἐθῐ́γοντο
	subjunctive	θῐ́γωμαι	θῐ́γῃ	θῐ́γηται	θῐ́γησθον	θῐ́γησθον	θῐγώμεθᾰ	θῐ́γησθε	θῐ́γωνται
	optative	θῐγοίμην	θῐ́γοιο	θῐ́γοιτο	θῐ́γοισθον	θῐγοίσθην	θῐγοίμεθᾰ	θῐ́γοισθε	θῐ́γοιντο
	imperative		θῐγοῦ	θῐγέσθω	θῐ́γεσθον	θῐγέσθων		θῐ́γεσθε	θῐγέσθων
passive	indicative	ἐθῐ́χθην	ἐθῐ́χθης	ἐθῐ́χθη	ἐθῐ́χθητον	ἐθῐχθήτην	ἐθῐ́χθημεν	ἐθῐ́χθητε	ἐθῐ́χθησᾰν
	subjunctive	θῐχθῶ	θῐχθῇς	θῐχθῇ	θῐχθῆτον	θῐχθῆτον	θῐχθῶμεν	θῐχθῆτε	θῐχθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	θῐχθείην	θῐχθείης	θῐχθείη	θῐχθεῖτον, θῐχθείητον	θῐχθείτην, θῐχθειήτην	θῐχθεῖμεν, θῐχθείημεν	θῐχθεῖτε, θῐχθείητε	θῐχθεῖεν, θῐχθείησᾰν
	imperative		θῐ́χθητῐ	θῐχθήτω	θῐ́χθητον	θῐχθήτων		θῐ́χθητε	θῐχθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		θῐγεῖν			θῐγέσθαι		θῐχθῆναι
participle	m	θῐγών			θῐγόμενος		θῐχθείς
	f	θῐγοῦσᾰ			θῐγομένη		θῐχθεῖσᾰ
	n	θῐγόν			θῐγόμενον		θῐχθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἐπῐθῐγγᾰ́νω (epithingánō)
• θῐ́γημᾰ (thígēma)
• θῐ́γμᾰ (thígma)
• θῐ́ξῐς (thíxis)
• προσθῐγγᾰ́νω (prosthingánō)
• ὑποθῐγγᾰ́νω (hupothingánō)

 

Descendants

• ⇒ Byzantine Greek: Ἀθίγγανος (Athínganos)
  • Greek: Αθίγγανος (Athínganos)

Further reading

• “θιγγάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “θιγγάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• θιγγάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN