σανδαράκη

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́χη (sandarákhē)

Etymology

Long taken to be an Oriental loanword from an unknown source; Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 (ši-im-tum /⁠šindu, simṭu, šimtu⁠/, “pigment, paint, glue, varnish”) + Akkadian 𒅊 (ar-qu /⁠arqu, warqu, barqu, irqu⁠/, “yellow”), as Akkadian 𒅆𒅎𒌈 𒅊 (/⁠šindu arqu⁠/, “orpiment”, literally “yellow paint”) suggested already by Thompson is possible, but not specifically attested. Beekes does not dismiss a Pre-Greek origin, in view of the variation "κ/χ".

Has been connected with the synonymous Middle Armenian ջնարակ (ǰnarak).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /san.da.rá.kɛː/ → /san.daˈra.ci/ → /san.daˈra.ci/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /san.da.rá.kɛː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /san.daˈra.ke̝/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /san.daˈra.ci/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /san.daˈra.ci/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /san.daˈra.ci/

Noun

σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη • (sandarákē) f (genitive σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης); first declension

1. sandarac, realgar
2. red orpiment
3. beebread

   Synonyms: ἐρῐθᾰ́κη (erithákē), κήρῐνθος (kḗrinthos)

Inflection

First declension of ἡ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη; τῆς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη hē sandarákē	τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ tṑ sandarákā	αἱ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και hai sandarákai
Genitive	τῆς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κης tês sandarákēs	τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν toîn sandarákain	τῶν σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῶν tôn sandarakôn
Dative	τῇ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κῃ têi sandarákēi	τοῖν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καιν toîn sandarákain	ταῖς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́καις taîs sandarákais
Accusative	τὴν σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κην tḕn sandarákēn	τὼ σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ tṑ sandarákā	τᾱ̀ς σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱς tā̀s sandarákās
Vocative	σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κη sandarákē	σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κᾱ sandarákā	σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́και sandarákai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• σᾰνδᾰρᾰκῐ́ζω (sandarakízō)
• σᾰνδᾰρᾰ́κῐνος (sandarákinos)
• σᾰνδᾰρᾰκούργῐον (sandarakoúrgion)

 

Descendants

• → Aramaic:

  Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡉࡍࡃࡉࡓࡊࡀ

  Classical Syriac: ܣܢܕܪܟܐ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܣ, ܣܢܕܪܟܝܢ, ܣܢܕܪܟܘܣ, ܣܢܕܪܝܫܐ, ܣܢܕܪܘܣ

  Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)

  • → Arabic: سَنْدَرُوس (sandarūs), سِنْدَلُوس (sindalūs)
    • → Middle Armenian: սանդարօս (sandarōs), սանդարաս (sandaras), սանտարօս (santarōs)
    • → Persian: سندروس (sandrus)
    • → Swahili: sandarusi
• → Greek: σανδαράχη (sandaráchi) (learned)
• → Mishnaic Hebrew: סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs)
• → Latin: sandaraca
  • English: sandarac

Further reading

• “σανδαράκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “σανδαράκη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• σανδαράκη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σανδαράκη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1305
• “sndrkˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–