سندروس

Arabic

Alternative forms

• سِنْدَلُوس (sindalūs)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek σανδαράκινος (sandarákinos, “orange-coloured, sandarac-like”) or another masculine formation from σανδᾰράκη (sandarákē, “sandarac, realgar”), compare خَنْدَرُوس (ḵandarūs) from χόνδρος (khóndros, “spelt; groats; lump, grumous mass”) and دَنْدَرُوس (dandarūs) from δενδροειδής (dendroeidḗs, “tree-like”).

The Classical Syriac form ܣܢܕܪܘܣ is found in Bar Bahlul and Bar Ali, while Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs) is found in the Ḥalaḵōt Gedōlōṯ and Mishnaic Hebrew סַנְדּרוֹס (sandarōs) in the Book of Assaf; the Arabic term can well be considered an Aramaic loan hence, considering also that these lects thereof liked to add a reflex of -ος (-os) even when it was never there, e.g. the descendants of σίγνον (sígnon).

Noun

سَنْدَرُوس or سِنْدَرُوس • (sandarūs or sindarūs) m

1. sandarac
   1. the tree Tetraclinis articulata
   2. the resin obtained from Tetraclinis articulata

Declension

Declension of noun سَنْدَرُوس (sandarūs)‎; سِنْدَرُوس (sindarūs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَنْدَرُوس‎; سِنْدَرُوس sandarūs‎; sindarūs	السَّنْدَرُوس‎; السِّنْدَرُوس as-sandarūs‎; as-sindarūs	سَنْدَرُوس‎; سِنْدَرُوس sandarūs‎; sindarūs
Nominative	سَنْدَرُوسٌ‎; سِنْدَرُوسٌ sandarūsun‎; sindarūsun	السَّنْدَرُوسُ‎; السِّنْدَرُوسُ as-sandarūsu‎; as-sindarūsu	سَنْدَرُوسُ‎; سِنْدَرُوسُ sandarūsu‎; sindarūsu
Accusative	سَنْدَرُوسًا‎; سِنْدَرُوسًا sandarūsan‎; sindarūsan	السَّنْدَرُوسَ‎; السِّنْدَرُوسَ as-sandarūsa‎; as-sindarūsa	سَنْدَرُوسَ‎; سِنْدَرُوسَ sandarūsa‎; sindarūsa
Genitive	سَنْدَرُوسٍ‎; سِنْدَرُوسٍ sandarūsin‎; sindarūsin	السَّنْدَرُوسِ‎; السِّنْدَرُوسِ as-sandarūsi‎; as-sindarūsi	سَنْدَرُوسِ‎; سِنْدَرُوسِ sandarūsi‎; sindarūsi

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: սանդարօս (sandarōs), սանդարաս (sandaras), սանտարօս (santarōs)
• → Persian: سندروس (sandrus)
• → Swahili: sandarusi

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “سندروس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 364
• Flattery, David Stophlet, Schwartz, Martin (1989) Haoma and Harmaline. The Botanical Identity of the Indo-Iranian Sacred Hallucinogen “Soma” and its Legacy in Religion, Language, and Middle Eastern Folklore (Near Eastern Studies; 21), Berkeley · Los Angeles · London: University of California Press, →ISBN, § 260, page 142
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 32–33
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “سندروس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 605

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَنْدَرُوس (sandarūs).

Noun

سندروس • (sandrus)

1. the tree Tetraclinis articulata
2. sandarac resin

Adjective

سندروس • (sandrus) (comparative سندروس‌تَر (sandrus-tar), superlative سندروس‌تَرین (sandrus-tarin))

1. (archaic, literary) sandarac-coloured, yellow
2. (figurative, literary) extremely scared