πτῶσις

Ancient Greek

From πῑ́πτω (pī́ptō, “to fall”) +‎ -ωσῐς (-ōsis).^[1]

πτῶσῐς • (ptôsis) f (genitive πτώσεως); third declension

falling, a fall
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 604c:
  ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων
  hṓsper en ptṓsei kúbōn
  as it were in the fall of the dice
(grammar) case
(grammar) inflection
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1457a.18:
  τὸ γὰρ ἐβάδισεν; ἢ βάδιζε πτῶσις ῥήματος κατὰ ταῦτα τὰ εἴδη ἐστίν.
  tò gàr ebádisen? ḕ bádize ptôsis rhḗmatos katà taûta tà eídē estín.
  "Walked" and "Walk!" are verbal conjugations of this kind.
arrangement of terms in a syllogism
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 42b.30
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 94a.12

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ πτῶσῐς hē ptôsis	τὼ πτώσει tṑ ptṓsei	αἱ πτώσεις hai ptṓseis
Genitive	τῆς πτώσεως tês ptṓseōs	τοῖν πτωσέοιν toîn ptōséoin	τῶν πτώσεων tôn ptṓseōn
Dative	τῇ πτώσει têi ptṓsei	τοῖν πτωσέοιν toîn ptōséoin	ταῖς πτώσεσῐ / πτώσεσῐν taîs ptṓsesi(n)
Accusative	τὴν πτῶσῐν tḕn ptôsin	τὼ πτώσει tṑ ptṓsei	τᾱ̀ς πτώσεις tā̀s ptṓseis
Vocative	πτῶσῐ ptôsi	πτώσει ptṓsei	πτώσεις ptṓseis
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Greek: πτώση (ptósi)
→ Latin: cāsus (calque)
- → Old Church Slavonic: падежь (padežĭ) (calque)
  - → Russian: падеж (padež)
→ German: Fall (calque)

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πῑ́πτω (> DER > 3. πτῶ-σις)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1195-6