πνέω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)
From Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, sneeze”). Cognates include Old English fnēosan (English sneeze).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pné.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpne.o/
Verb
[edit]πνέω • (pnéō)
- to blow
- New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 27:40
- ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 4.72
- to breathe
- ante 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 2.75
- (with accusative) to breathe out
- breathe in, smell
- (of perceptible breathing)
- to breathe, live
- Simm. 25.12
- (figuratively, with cognate accusative) to breathe forth
- to speak
Inflection
[edit]number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πνέω | πνεῖς | πνεῖ | πνεῖτον | πνεῖτον | πνέομεν | πνεῖτε | πνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πνέω | πνέῃς | πνέῃ | πνέητον | πνέητον | πνέωμεν | πνέητε | πνέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πνέοιμῐ | πνέοις | πνέοι | πνέοιτον | πνεοίτην | πνέοιμεν | πνέοιτε | πνέοιεν | |||||
imperative | πνεῖ | πνείτω | πνεῖτον | πνείτων | πνεῖτε | πνεόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πνέομαι | πνέῃ, πνεῖ |
πνεῖται | πνεῖσθον | πνεῖσθον | πνεόμεθᾰ | πνεῖσθε | πνέονται | ||||
subjunctive | πνέωμαι | πνέῃ | πνέηται | πνέησθον | πνέησθον | πνεώμεθᾰ | πνέησθε | πνέωνται | |||||
optative | πνεοίμην | πνέοιο | πνέοιτο | πνέοισθον | πνεοίσθην | πνεοίμεθᾰ | πνέοισθε | πνέοιντο | |||||
imperative | πνέου | πνείσθω | πνεῖσθον | πνείσθων | πνεῖσθε | πνεέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πνεῖν | πνεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πνέων | πνεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πνέουσᾰ | πνεομένη | |||||||||||
n | πνέον | πνεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Imperfect: ἔπνεον (Contracted only in -ει-)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπνεον | ἔπνεις | ἔπνει | ἐπνεῖτον | ἐπνείτην | ἐπνέομεν | ἐπνεῖτε | ἔπνεον | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Future: πνεύσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | πνεύσομαι | πνεύσῃ, πνεύσει |
πνεύσεται | πνεύσεσθον | πνεύσεσθον | πνευσόμεθᾰ | πνεύσεσθε | πνεύσονται | ||||
optative | πνευσοίμην | πνεύσοιο | πνεύσοιτο | πνεύσοισθον | πνευσοίσθην | πνευσοίμεθᾰ | πνεύσοισθε | πνεύσοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πνεύσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πνευσόμενος | |||||||||||
f | πνευσομένη | ||||||||||||
n | πνευσόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Future: πνευσέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | πνευσέομαι | πνευσέῃ, πνευσέει |
πνευσέεται | πνευσέεσθον | πνευσέεσθον | πνευσεόμεθᾰ | πνευσέεσθε | πνευσέονται | ||||
optative | πνευσεοίμην | πνευσέοιο | πνευσέοιτο | πνευσέοισθον | πνευσεοίσθην | πνευσεοίμεθᾰ | πνευσέοισθε | πνευσέοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πνευσέεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πνευσεόμενος | |||||||||||
f | πνευσεομένη | ||||||||||||
n | πνευσεόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Future: πνευσοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | πνευσοῦμαι | πνευσῇ | πνευσεῖται | πνευσεῖσθον | πνευσεῖσθον | πνευσούμεθᾰ | πνευσεῖσθε | πνευσοῦνται | ||||
optative | πνευσοίμην | πνευσοῖο | πνευσοῖτο | πνευσοῖσθον | πνευσοίσθην | πνευσοίμεθᾰ | πνευσοῖσθε | πνευσοῖντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πνευσεῖσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πνευσούμενος | |||||||||||
f | πνευσουμένη | ||||||||||||
n | πνευσούμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Synonyms
[edit]- ψύχω (psúkhō)
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀνᾰπνέω (anapnéō)
- ἀντῐπνέω (antipnéō)
- ἄπνευστος (ápneustos)
- ἀποπνέω (apopnéō)
- δῐᾰπνέω (diapnéō)
- εἰσπνέω (eispnéō)
- ἐκπνέω (ekpnéō)
- ἐμπνέω (empnéō)
- ἐπῐπνέω (epipnéō)
- ἡδῠ́πνευστος (hēdúpneustos)
- ἡδῠ́πνοος (hēdúpnoos)
- θεόπνευστος (theópneustos)
- κᾰτᾰπνέω (katapnéō)
- μετᾰπνέω (metapnéō)
- νεόπνευστος (neópneustos)
- πᾰρᾰπνέω (parapnéō)
- περιπνέω (peripnéō)
- πνευμόρρωξ (pneumórrhōx)
- προσπνέω (prospnéō)
- πῠρίπνευστος (purípneustos)
- σῠμπνέω (sumpnéō)
- ὑπερπνέω (huperpnéō)
- ὑποπνέω (hupopnéō)
Related terms
[edit]- πνεῦμᾰ (pneûma)
- πνεύμων (pneúmōn)
- πνεῦσῐς (pneûsis)
- πνευστιάω (pneustiáō)
- πνευστῐκός (pneustikós)
- πνοή (pnoḗ)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: πνέω (pnéo)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πνέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1213-4
Further reading
[edit]- “πνέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πνέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πνέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πνέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πνέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πνέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4154 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]πνέω • (pnéo) (past έπνευσα, passive —)
- to blow
Conjugation
[edit]πνέω (active forms only)
Active voice ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
1 sg | πνέω | πνεύσω | ||
2 sg | πνέεις | πνεύσεις | ||
3 sg | πνέει | πνεύσει | ||
1 pl | πνέουμε, [‑ομε] | πνεύσουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
2 pl | πνέετε | πνεύσετε | ||
3 pl | πνέουν(ε) | πνεύσουν(ε) | ||
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
1 sg | έπνεα | έπνευσα | ||
2 sg | έπνεες | έπνευσες | ||
3 sg | έπνεε | έπνευσε | ||
1 pl | πνέαμε | πνεύσαμε | ||
2 pl | πνέατε | πνεύσατε | ||
3 pl | έπνεαν, πνέαν(ε) | έπνευσαν, πνεύσαν(ε) | ||
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
1 sg | θα πνέω ➤ | θα πνεύσω ➤ | ||
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα πνέεις, … | θα πνεύσεις, … | ||
Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … πνεύσει | |||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … πνεύσει | |||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πνεύσει | |||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
2 sg | πνέε | πνεύσε | ||
2 pl | πνέετε | πνεύστε | ||
Other forms | ||||
Active present participle ➤ | πνέοντας ➤ | |||
Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας πνεύσει ➤ | |||
Passive perfect participle ➤ | — | |||
Nonfinite form ➤ | πνεύσει | |||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
[edit]- πνέω μένεα (pnéo ménea, “I am very angry -literlly: I breathe heavily from wrath-”)
- πνέω τα λοίσθια (pnéo ta loísthia, “to breathe one's last”)
Related terms
[edit]From stems πνε-, πνευσ-, πνευμ- and πνο-
- απνευστί (apnefstí, “without stopping”, adverb)
- άπνοια f (ápnoia, “stillness; without breath”)
- δύσπνοια f (dýspnoia, “dyspnoea, breathlessness”)
- δυσπνοϊκός (dyspnoïkós, “suffering from breathlessness”)
- θεόπνευστος (theópnefstos, “inspired by God”)
- μακρόπνοος (makrópnoos, “far-reaching”)
- μεγαλόπνευστος (megalópnefstos, “of high inspiration”)
- ξέπνοος (xépnoos, “breathless”)
- πνεύμα n (pnévma, “spirit”) & related
- πνεύμονας m (pnévmonas, “lung”) & related
- πνευστά n pl (pnefstá, “wind instruments”) (music)
- πνευστός (pnefstós, “functioning with air”)
- πνοή f (pnoḯ, “breath; breeze”) & related
- σύμπνοια f (sýmpnoia)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pnew-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'επιπλέω'
- Greek verbs lacking passive forms