παρίστημι

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Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From πᾰρᾰ́ (pará, near) +‎ ῐ̔́στημῐ (hístēmi, to stand).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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πᾰρῐ́στημῐ (parístēmi)

  1. (transitive)
    1. to cause to stand by, to place beside
    2. to set before the mind, present; to inspire
      • 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac 1:
        οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν [] οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν
        hoi tà toiaûta légontes ḕ tḕn hupóthesin [] oukhì tḕn oûsan paristántes humîn hamartánein
        these orators commit the error of not laying before you the true subject
      • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 72:
        οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργήν, ἀλλ’ ἡ ἀτιμία
        ou gàr hē plēgḕ paréstēse tḕn orgḗn, all’ hē atimía
        For it was not the blow but the indignity that roused the anger.
      1. to dispose (put in place) a person
      2. to represent, describe in poetry
      3. to furnish, supply, deliver
      4. to make good, prove, show
      5. to present, offer, commend
      6. to render
      7. (later Greek) to produce in court
    3. to set side by side, compare
      • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 40:
        οὕτω καὶ ταῖς πόλεσι παριστάναι μὴ τὰς μικρὰς ταῖς μεγάλαις
        hoútō kaì taîs pólesi paristánai mḕ tàs mikràs taîs megálais
        so also in the case of states to compare not the small with the great
  2. (intransitive)
    1. to stand by, stand near
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.442:
        ὣς φάθ’, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη
        hṑs pháth’, hò dè xunéēke, théōn dé hoi ánkhi paréstē
        So spoke he, and the other hearkened, and running stood near him
      1. to stand by, help, defend
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.254:
          κλῦθί μευ [] ἥ τέ μοι αἰεὶ ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι παρίστασαι
          klûthí meu [] hḗ té moi aieì en pántessi pónoisi parístasai
          Hear me [] thou that dost ever stand by my side in all manner of toils
    2. to come, to be at hand
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.853:
        ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος
        allá toi ḗdē ánkhi paréstēken thánatos
        but even now death is near at hand
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.467:
        νῆες δ’ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέσταν οἶνον ἄγουσαι πολλαί
        nêes d’ ek Lḗmnoio paréstan oînon ágousai pollaí
        And ships full many were at hand from Lemnos
    3. to come over to a side, to change opinion, come to terms, surrender, submit
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.99:
        ἐς ὃ καὶ οἱ Καρύστιοι παρέστησαν ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην
        es hò kaì hoi Karústioi paréstēsan es tôn Perséōn tḕn gnṓmēn
        until the Carystians too came over to the Persians' side
    4. to happen, occur
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.23:
        ἐν τῷ βίῳ θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι
        en tôi bíōi thôma mégiston parastênai
        the greatest marvel to happen to him in his life
    5. to occur to one (as a thought)
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.61:
        παρεστάναι δὲ μηδενὶ ὡς οἱ μὲν Δωριῆς ἡμῶν πολέμιοι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις
        parestánai dè mēdenì hōs hoi mèn Dōriês hēmôn polémioi toîs Athēnaíois
        but it should occur to nobody that the Dorians are only enemies of Athens
    6. to be disposed
      1. to collect oneself
      2. to improve with age (of wine), ripen
    7. to be beside oneself
      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 18.53.6:
        ὁ δ’ οὕτως παρειστήκει τῶν φρενῶν
        ho d’ hoútōs pareistḗkei tôn phrenôn
        whereupon Scopas was so infatuated
      1. to be passionately devoted to

Usage notes

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The present, imperfect, future, aorist 1, and first perfect active forms govern the transitive senses, while the middle tenses, aorist 2 and active perfect and pluperfect forms govern the intransitive.

Inflection

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Derived terms

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References

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