ὅπλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sop-lo- (“instrument”), an o-grade l-suffixed formation from *sep- (“to care for, honor, prepare”); see the related ἕπω (hépō, “I am busy”) for cognates.^[1] Not related to ἕπομαι (hépomai, “I follow”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hó.plon/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)o.plon/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.plon/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.plon/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.plon/

Noun

ὅπλον • (hóplon) n (genitive ὅπλου); second declension

tool, instrument
(often in the plural) a ship's tackle, rope
(often in the plural) instruments of war: arms, armour, weapon
1. specifically the large shield carried by hoplites
2. (in the plural) place of arms, camp
(humorous) penis
a gymnastics exercise

Declension

Second declension of τὸ ὅπλον; τοῦ ὅπλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὅπλον tò hóplon	τὼ ὅπλω tṑ hóplō	τᾰ̀ ὅπλᾰ tà hópla
Genitive	τοῦ ὅπλου toû hóplou	τοῖν ὅπλοιν toîn hóploin	τῶν ὅπλων tôn hóplōn
Dative	τῷ ὅπλῳ tôi hóplōi	τοῖν ὅπλοιν toîn hóploin	τοῖς ὅπλοις toîs hóplois
Accusative	τὸ ὅπλον tò hóplon	τὼ ὅπλω tṑ hóplō	τᾰ̀ ὅπλᾰ tà hópla
Vocative	ὅπλον hóplon	ὅπλω hóplō	ὅπλᾰ hópla
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ὁπλίζω (hoplízō)
ὁπλῑ́της (hoplī́tēs)
ὁπλοφῠ́λᾰξ (hoplophúlax)

Descendants

English: hopl-
Greek: όπλο (óplo, “gun”)
Albanian: aplladhe

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὁπλίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1092

“ὅπλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὅπλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὅπλον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὅπλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ὅπλον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὅπλον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3696 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- arm idem, page 40.
- weapon idem, page 970.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὁπλίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1092

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