κυφός

See also: κῦφος and Κύφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Clearly related to κύπτω (kúptō, “to stoop”). According to Beekes, the variation "κυφ-/κυπ-" points to a Pre-Greek origin. However, the word shows phonetic and semantic similarities with other terms across Indo-European, such as Sanskrit कुभ्र (kubhrá, “humpbacked bull”), कुब्ज (kubjá, “humpbacked, crooked”) (though the Sanskrit terms have also been derived from Munda, precluding connection with the Greek), and Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰas (“pot”), as well as Lithuanian kuprà (“hump”) and Old High German hovar (“hump”) (which show root-final *-p-, making a relation more difficult).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kyː.pʰós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kyˈpʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /cyˈɸos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /cyˈfos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈfos/

Adjective

κῡφός • (kūphós) m (feminine κῡφή, neuter κῡφόν); first/second declension

bent forward, stooping, hunchbacked
curved, round (of a cup)

Inflection

First and second declension of κῡφός; κῡφή; κῡφόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	κῡφός kūphós	κῡφή kūphḗ	κῡφόν kūphón	κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφᾱ́ kūphā́	κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφοί kūphoí	κῡφαί kūphaí	κῡφᾰ́ kūphá
Genitive	κῡφοῦ kūphoû	κῡφῆς kūphês	κῡφοῦ kūphoû	κῡφοῖν kūphoîn	κῡφαῖν kūphaîn	κῡφοῖν kūphoîn	κῡφῶν kūphôn	κῡφῶν kūphôn	κῡφῶν kūphôn
Dative	κῡφῷ kūphôi	κῡφῇ kūphêi	κῡφῷ kūphôi	κῡφοῖν kūphoîn	κῡφαῖν kūphaîn	κῡφοῖν kūphoîn	κῡφοῖς kūphoîs	κῡφαῖς kūphaîs	κῡφοῖς kūphoîs
Accusative	κῡφόν kūphón	κῡφήν kūphḗn	κῡφόν kūphón	κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφᾱ́ kūphā́	κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφούς kūphoús	κῡφᾱ́ς kūphā́s	κῡφᾰ́ kūphá
Vocative	κῡφέ kūphé	κῡφή kūphḗ	κῡφόν kūphón	κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφᾱ́ kūphā́	κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφοί kūphoí	κῡφαί kūphaí	κῡφᾰ́ kūphá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	κῡφῶς kūphôs			κῡφότερος kūphóteros			κῡφότᾰτος kūphótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

λορδός (lordós, “bent backward”)

Derived terms

κῡφαγωγέω (kūphagōgéō)
κῡφαγωγός (kūphagōgós)
κῡφαλέος (kūphaléos)
κῡφογέρων (kūphogérōn)
κῡφοειδής (kūphoeidḗs)
κῡφόνωτος (kūphónōtos)
κῡφόομαι (kūphóomai)
κῦφος (kûphos)
κῡφότης (kūphótēs)
κύφω (kúphō)
κύφωμα (kúphōma)
κύφων (kúphōn)
κῡφώνιον (kūphṓnion)
κῡφωνισμός (kūphōnismós)
κύφωσις (kúphōsis)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κυφός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 810