κυφός

See also: κῦφος and Κύφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Clearly related to κύπτω (kúptō, “to stoop”). According to Beekes, the variation "κυφ-/κυπ-" points to a Pre-Greek origin. However, the word shows phonetic and semantic similarities with other terms across Indo-European, such as Sanskrit कुभ्र (kubhrá, “humpbacked bull”), कुब्ज (kubjá, “humpbacked, crooked”) (though the Sanskrit terms have also been derived from Munda, precluding connection with the Greek), and Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰas (“pot”), as well as Lithuanian kuprà (“hump”) and Old High German hovar (“hump”) (which show root-final *-p-, making a relation more difficult).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kyː.pʰós/ → /cyˈɸos/ → /ciˈfos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kyː.pʰós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kyˈpʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /cyˈɸos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /cyˈfos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈfos/

Adjective

κῡφός • (kūphós) m (feminine κῡφή, neuter κῡφόν); first/second declension

1. bent forward, stooping, hunchbacked
2. curved, round (of a cup)

Inflection

First and second declension of κῡφός; κῡφή; κῡφόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κῡφός kūphós	κῡφή kūphḗ	κῡφόν kūphón		κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφᾱ́ kūphā́	κῡφώ kūphṓ		κῡφοί kūphoí	κῡφαί kūphaí	κῡφᾰ́ kūphá
Genitive		κῡφοῦ kūphoû	κῡφῆς kūphês	κῡφοῦ kūphoû		κῡφοῖν kūphoîn	κῡφαῖν kūphaîn	κῡφοῖν kūphoîn		κῡφῶν kūphôn	κῡφῶν kūphôn	κῡφῶν kūphôn
Dative		κῡφῷ kūphôi	κῡφῇ kūphêi	κῡφῷ kūphôi		κῡφοῖν kūphoîn	κῡφαῖν kūphaîn	κῡφοῖν kūphoîn		κῡφοῖς kūphoîs	κῡφαῖς kūphaîs	κῡφοῖς kūphoîs
Accusative		κῡφόν kūphón	κῡφήν kūphḗn	κῡφόν kūphón		κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφᾱ́ kūphā́	κῡφώ kūphṓ		κῡφούς kūphoús	κῡφᾱ́ς kūphā́s	κῡφᾰ́ kūphá
Vocative		κῡφέ kūphé	κῡφή kūphḗ	κῡφόν kūphón		κῡφώ kūphṓ	κῡφᾱ́ kūphā́	κῡφώ kūphṓ		κῡφοί kūphoí	κῡφαί kūphaí	κῡφᾰ́ kūphá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		κῡφῶς kūphôs				κῡφότερος kūphóteros				κῡφότᾰτος kūphótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

• λορδός (lordós, “bent backward”)

Derived terms

• κῡφαγωγέω (kūphagōgéō)
• κῡφαγωγός (kūphagōgós)
• κῡφαλέος (kūphaléos)
• κῡφογέρων (kūphogérōn)
• κῡφοειδής (kūphoeidḗs)
• κῡφόνωτος (kūphónōtos)
• κῡφόομαι (kūphóomai)
• κῦφος (kûphos)
• κῡφότης (kūphótēs)
• κύφω (kúphō)
• κύφωμα (kúphōma)
• κύφων (kúphōn)
• κῡφώνιον (kūphṓnion)
• κῡφωνισμός (kūphōnismós)
• κύφωσις (kúphōsis)

 

Further reading

• “κυφός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κυφός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κυφός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κυφός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette