κρανίον

Ancient Greek

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κρανίον

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Etymology

From the old oblique stem, [script needed] (*krān-), of κᾰ́ρη (kárē, “Homeric form of κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā, “the head”)”) + -ῐ́ον (-íon, diminutive suffix).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kraː.ní.on/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/

Noun

κρᾱνῐ́ον • (krāníon) n (genitive κρᾱνῐ́ου); second declension

(anatomy) the upper part of the head, the cranium
1. (metonymy) the skull
2. (metonymy) the head
a headache

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον; τοῦ κρᾱνῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον tò krāníon	τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω tṑ krāníō	τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ tà krānía
Genitive	τοῦ κρᾱνῐ́ου toû krāníou	τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν toîn krāníoin	τῶν κρᾱνῐ́ων tôn krāníōn
Dative	τῷ κρᾱνῐ́ῳ tôi krāníōi	τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν toîn krāníoin	τοῖς κρᾱνῐ́οις toîs krāníois
Accusative	τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον tò krāníon	τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω tṑ krāníō	τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ tà krānía
Vocative	κρᾱνῐ́ον krāníon	κρᾱνῐ́ω krāníō	κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ krānía
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

βουκρᾱ́νῐον (boukrā́nion)
ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (hēmikrāníā)

Descendants

Greek: κρανίο (kranío)
→ Medieval Latin: crānium
- → Catalan: crani
- → English: cranium
- → French: crâne
- → Italian: cranio
- → Portuguese: crânio
- → Romanian: craniu
- → Spanish: cráneo

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρᾱνίον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 770

“κρανίον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“κρανίον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“κρανίον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
κρανίον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
κρανίον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“κρανίον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2898 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- crown idem, page 186.
- scull idem, page 743.
- skull idem, page 781.
“κρανίον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρᾱνίον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 770

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