κιρρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unexplained. The geminate -ρρ- also occurs in πυρρός (purrhós, “red”). The comparison with Lithuanian širmas (“grey”) is problematic, since Lithuanian -ir- is from a zero-grade. The group of Proto-Slavic *śěrъ (“grey”) and Irish ciar (“dark”) cannot be connected either for phonetic reasons.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kir̥.r̥ós/ → /cirˈros/ → /ciˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kir̥.r̥ós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kirˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /cirˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /cirˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈros/

Adjective

κῐρρός • (kĭrrhós) m (feminine κῐρρᾱ́, neuter κῐρρόν); first/second declension

1. yellow-orange, tawny

Inflection

First and second declension of κῐρρός; κῐρρᾱ́; κῐρρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κῐρρός kĭrrhós	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρόν kĭrrhón		κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ		κῐρροί kĭrrhoí	κῐρραί kĭrrhaí	κῐρρᾰ́ kĭrrhắ
Genitive		κῐρροῦ kĭrrhoû	κῐρρᾶς kĭrrhâs	κῐρροῦ kĭrrhoû		κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn	κῐρραῖν kĭrrhaîn	κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn		κῐρρῶν kĭrrhôn	κῐρρῶν kĭrrhôn	κῐρρῶν kĭrrhôn
Dative		κῐρρῷ kĭrrhôi	κῐρρᾷ kĭrrhâi	κῐρρῷ kĭrrhôi		κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn	κῐρραῖν kĭrrhaîn	κῐρροῖν kĭrrhoîn		κῐρροῖς kĭrrhoîs	κῐρραῖς kĭrrhaîs	κῐρροῖς kĭrrhoîs
Accusative		κῐρρόν kĭrrhón	κῐρρᾱ́ν kĭrrhā́n	κῐρρόν kĭrrhón		κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ		κῐρρούς kĭrrhoús	κῐρρᾱ́ς kĭrrhā́s	κῐρρᾰ́ kĭrrhắ
Vocative		κῐρρέ kĭrrhé	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρόν kĭrrhón		κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kĭrrhā́	κῐρρώ kĭrrhṓ		κῐρροί kĭrrhoí	κῐρραί kĭrrhaí	κῐρρᾰ́ kĭrrhắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		κῐρρῶς kĭrrhôs				κῐρρότερος kĭrrhóteros				κῐρρότᾰτος kĭrrhótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἔγκῐρρος (énkĭrrhos)
• κῐρρᾰ́ς (kĭrrhắs)
• κῐρρῐ́ς (kĭrrhĭ́s)
• κῐρροειδής (kĭrrhoeidḗs)
• κῐρροκοιλάδῐᾰ (kĭrrhokoiládĭă)
• κῐρρόχρως (kĭrrhókhrōs)
• κῐρρώδης (kĭrrhṓdēs)
• ὑπόκῐρρος (hupókĭrrhos)

Descendants

• → English: cirrhosis

Further reading

• “κιρρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• κιρρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN