κάρφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From κάρφω (kárphō, “to dry up, to wither”) +‎ -ος (-os).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kár.pʰos/ → /ˈkar.ɸos/ → /ˈkar.fos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kár.pʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.pʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.ɸos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.fos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.fos/

Noun

κᾰ́ρφος • (kắrphos) n (genitive κᾰ́ρφους or κᾰ́ρφεος); third declension

1. arid stalk, dry twig, chip of wood
2. dry straw

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κᾰ́ρφος; τοῦ κᾰ́ρφους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kắrphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει tṑ kắrphei	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφη tằ kắrphē
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰ́ρφους toû kắrphous	τοῖν κᾰρφοῖν toîn kărphoîn	τῶν κᾰρφῶν tôn kărphôn
Dative	τῷ κᾰ́ρφει tôi kắrphei	τοῖν κᾰρφοῖν toîn kărphoîn	τοῖς κᾰ́ρφεσῐ / κᾰ́ρφεσῐν toîs kắrphesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kắrphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει tṑ kắrphei	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφη tằ kắrphē
Vocative	κᾰ́ρφος kắrphos	κᾰ́ρφει kắrphei	κᾰ́ρφη kắrphē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ κᾰ́ρφος; τοῦ κᾰ́ρφεος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kắrphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεε tṑ kắrphei / kắrphee	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφεᾰ tằ kắrpheă
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰ́ρφεος / κᾰ́ρφευς toû kắrpheos / kắrpheus	τοῖν κᾰρφέοιν toîn kărphéoin	τῶν κᾰρφέων tôn kărphéōn
Dative	τῷ κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεῐ̈ tôi kắrphei / kắrpheĭ̈	τοῖν κᾰρφέοιν toîn kărphéoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν κᾰ́ρφεσῐ / κᾰ́ρφεσῐν toîsĭ(n) kắrphesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ κᾰ́ρφος tò kắrphos	τὼ κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεε tṑ kắrphei / kắrphee	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρφεᾰ tằ kắrpheă
Vocative	κᾰ́ρφος kắrphos	κᾰ́ρφει / κᾰ́ρφεε kắrphei / kắrphee	κᾰ́ρφεᾰ kắrpheă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• → Latin: carphos

Further reading

• “κάρφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κάρφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κάρφος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette