θρῴσκω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- θρώσκω (thrṓskō)
Etymology
[edit]The only plausible comparison is found in Old Irish dairid (“to leap upon”), together with the noun der (“young girl”). The ablaut pattern is identical to that of βλώσκω (blṓskō, “to go or come”). The root is Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”), the same of θορός (thorós, “semen, sperm”) and θόρνῡμαι (thórnūmai, “to mount, impregnate”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰrɔ̌ːi̯s.kɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtʰros.ko/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈθros.ko/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈθros.ko/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈθros.ko/
Verb
[edit]θρῴσκω • (thrṓiskō)
Inflection
[edit] Present: θρῴσκω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θρῴσκω | θρῴσκεις | θρῴσκει | θρῴσκετον | θρῴσκετον | θρῴσκομεν | θρῴσκετε | θρῴσκουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | θρῴσκω | θρῴσκῃς | θρῴσκῃ | θρῴσκητον | θρῴσκητον | θρῴσκωμεν | θρῴσκητε | θρῴσκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | θρῴσκοιμῐ | θρῴσκοις | θρῴσκοι | θρῴσκοιτον | θρῳσκοίτην | θρῴσκοιμεν | θρῴσκοιτε | θρῴσκοιεν | |||||
imperative | θρῷσκε | θρῳσκέτω | θρῴσκετον | θρῳσκέτων | θρῴσκετε | θρῳσκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | θρῴσκειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | θρῴσκων | |||||||||||
f | θρῴσκουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | θρῷσκον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θρῷσκον | θρῷσκες | θρῷσκε(ν) | θρῴσκετον | θρῳσκέτην | θρῴσκομεν | θρῴσκετε | θρῷσκον | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θορέω | θορέεις | θορέει | θορέετον | θορέετον | θορέομεν | θορέετε | θορέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | θορέοιμῐ | θορέοις | θορέοι | θορέοιτον | θορεοίτην | θορέοιμεν | θορέοιτε | θορέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | θορέομαι | θορέῃ, θορέει |
θορέεται | θορέεσθον | θορέεσθον | θορεόμεθᾰ | θορέεσθε | θορέονται | ||||
optative | θορεοίμην | θορέοιο | θορέοιτο | θορέοισθον | θορεοίσθην | θορεοίμεθᾰ | θορέοισθε | θορέοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | θορέειν | θορέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | θορέων | θορεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | θορέουσᾰ | θορεομένη | |||||||||||
n | θορέον | θορεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θορῶ | θορεῖς | θορεῖ | θορεῖτον | θορεῖτον | θοροῦμεν | θορεῖτε | θοροῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | θοροίην, θοροῖμῐ |
θοροίης, θοροῖς |
θοροίη, θοροῖ |
θοροῖτον, θοροίητον |
θοροίτην, θοροιήτην |
θοροῖμεν, θοροίημεν |
θοροῖτε, θοροίητε |
θοροῖεν, θοροίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | θοροῦμαι | θορῇ | θορεῖται | θορεῖσθον | θορεῖσθον | θορούμεθᾰ | θορεῖσθε | θοροῦνται | ||||
optative | θοροίμην | θοροῖο | θοροῖτο | θοροῖσθον | θοροίσθην | θοροίμεθᾰ | θοροῖσθε | θοροῖντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | θορεῖν | θορεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | θορῶν | θορούμενος | ||||||||||
f | θοροῦσᾰ | θορουμένη | |||||||||||
n | θοροῦν | θορούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἔθορον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔθορον | ἔθορες | ἔθορε(ν) | ἐθόρετον | ἐθορέτην | ἐθόρομεν | ἐθόρετε | ἔθορον | ||||
subjunctive | θόρω | θόρῃς | θόρῃ | θόρητον | θόρητον | θόρωμεν | θόρητε | θόρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | θόροιμῐ | θόροις | θόροι | θόροιτον | θοροίτην | θόροιμεν | θόροιτε | θόροιεν | |||||
imperative | θόρε | θορέτω | θόρετον | θορέτων | θόρετε | θορόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | θορεῖν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | θορών | |||||||||||
f | θοροῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | θορόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θόρον | θόρες | θόρε(ν) | θόρετον | θορέτην | θόρομεν | θόρετε | θόρον | ||||
subjunctive | θόρω, θόρωμῐ |
θόρῃς, θόρῃσθᾰ |
θόρῃ, θόρῃσῐ |
θόρητον | θόρητον | θόρωμεν | θόρητε | θόρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | θόροιμῐ | θόροις/θόροισθᾰ | θόροι | θορεῖτον | θορείτην | θορεῖμεν | θορεῖτε | θορεῖεν | |||||
imperative | θόρε | θορέτω | θόρετον | θορέτων | θόρετε | θορόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | θορεῖν/θορέμεν(αι) | ||||||||||||
participle | m | θορών | |||||||||||
f | θοροῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | θορόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: τέθορᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | τέθορᾰ | τέθορᾰς | τέθορε(ν) | τεθόρᾰτον | τεθόρᾰτον | τεθόρᾰμεν | τεθόρᾰτε | τεθόρᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | τεθόρω | τεθόρῃς | τεθόρῃ | τεθόρητον | τεθόρητον | τεθόρωμεν | τεθόρητε | τεθόρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τεθόροιμῐ, τεθοροίην |
τεθόροις, τεθοροίης |
τεθόροι, τεθοροίη |
τεθόροιτον | τεθοροίτην | τεθόροιμεν | τεθόροιτε | τεθόροιεν | |||||
imperative | τέθορε | τεθορέτω | τεθόρετον | τεθορέτων | τεθόρετε | τεθορόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τεθορέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τεθορώς | |||||||||||
f | τεθορυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | τεθορός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “θρῴσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θρῴσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “θρῴσκω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- θρῴσκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- θρῴσκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN