εὐθενέω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From εὐ- (eu-, “good, well”) + a root *θεν (*then) + -έω (-éō, “verbal suffix”). The root *θεν (*then) is of disputed origin:[1]
- If the original vowel was -ε-:
- Possibly from an unattested noun *θένος (*thénos), with a morphological chronology of *θένος (*thénos) > εὐθενής (euthenḗs, “enjoying, strong”) > εὐθενεια (eutheneia, “fullness”) > εὐθενέω (euthenéō), with the noun stemming from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”). The derivative adjective εὐθενής (euthenḗs) is compared in particular with Sanskrit आहनस् (āhanas, “thriving full”); other cognates include Sanskrit घन (ghana, “compact, solid”), Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”), Old Church Slavonic гонѣти (goněti, “to suffice”), Lithuanian ganà (“enough”), Albanian zanë (“solid, thick”), as well as perhaps Old Armenian յոգն (yogn, “plenty”), Proto-West Germanic *gant (“whole, complete”). However, Beekes is skeptical, due to εὐθενής (euthenḗs) being attested rarely and late in the record, despite it preceding the earlier-attested εὐθενέω (euthenéō) in morphology.
- If the original vowel was -η- (< Proto-Indo-European *-eh₁-):
- Perhaps related to σθένος (sthénos, “strength, might”).
- From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to suckle”); a hypothetical unattested noun under this theory, *θη̃νός (*thē̃nós), has been compared with Latin fēnus (“financial interest”). Beekes seems to favor this theory.
- Bailly connects the word with Sanskrit धन (dhana, “prize, wealth”), which is thought to derive from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion, flow”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /eu̯.tʰe.né.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ew.tʰeˈne.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eɸ.θeˈne.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ef.θeˈne.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ef.θeˈne.o/
Verb
[edit]εὐθενέω • (euthenéō)
Inflection
[edit] Present: εὐθενέω, εὐθενέομαι (Uncontracted)
Imperfect: εὐθένεον, εὐθενεόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εὐθένεον | εὐθένεες | εὐθένεε(ν) | εὐθενέετον | εὐθενεέτην | εὐθενέομεν | εὐθενέετε | εὐθένεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενεόμην | εὐθενέου | εὐθενέετο | εὐθενέεσθον | εὐθενεέσθην | εὐθενεόμεθᾰ | εὐθενέεσθε | εὐθενέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εὐθένουν | εὐθένεις | εὐθένει | εὐθενεῖτον | εὐθενείτην | εὐθενοῦμεν | εὐθενεῖτε | εὐθένουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενούμην | εὐθενοῦ | εὐθενεῖτο | εὐθενεῖσθον | εὐθενείσθην | εὐθενούμεθᾰ | εὐθενεῖσθε | εὐθενοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: εὐθενήκειν, εὐθενήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εὐθενήκειν, εὐθενήκη |
εὐθενήκεις, εὐθενήκης |
εὐθενήκει(ν) | εὐθενήκετον | εὐθενηκέτην | εὐθενήκεμεν | εὐθενήκετε | εὐθενήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | εὐθενήμην | εὐθένησο | εὐθένητο | εὐθένησθον | εὐθενήσθην | εὐθενήμεθᾰ | εὐθένησθε | εὐθένηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- εὐθένεια (euthéneia, “state of prosperity, fullness, supply”)
- εὐθηνέω (euthēnéō, “to thrive, flourish”)
- εὐθηνιάρχης (euthēniárkhēs, “commissioner of (corn) supplies”)
- εὐθηνός (euthēnós, “thriving”)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εὐθενέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-9
- ^ εὐθενέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Further reading
[edit]- “εὐθενέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “εὐθενέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “εὐθενέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- (no entry for the specified headword) Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “εὐθενέω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter