γύαλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

For the formation, one might compare ἀγκάλη (ankálē, “bent arm”) and ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”). The word is generally connected with γυῖον (guîon, “hand”) and γύης (gúēs, “earth”), so it may derive either from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“hand”) or from Proto-Indo-European *gew(H)- (“to bend”) (which are either identical or have been conflated early in Indo-European).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡý.a.lon/ → /ˈʝy.a.lon/ → /ˈʝi.a.lon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡý.a.lon/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡy.a.lon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝy.a.lon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝy.a.lon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈʝi.a.lon/

Noun

γῠ́ᾰλον • (gŭ́ălon) n (genitive γῠᾰ́λου); second declension

1. hollow of the cuirass
2. hollow of a vessel
3. hollow of a rock, cave
4. (in the plural) vales, dells

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον; τοῦ γῠᾰ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον tò gŭ́ălon	τὼ γῠᾰ́λω tṑ gŭắlō	τᾰ̀ γῠ́ᾰλᾰ tằ gŭ́ălă
Genitive	τοῦ γῠᾰ́λου toû gŭắlou	τοῖν γῠᾰ́λοιν toîn gŭắloin	τῶν γῠᾰ́λων tôn gŭắlōn
Dative	τῷ γῠᾰ́λῳ tôi gŭắlōi	τοῖν γῠᾰ́λοιν toîn gŭắloin	τοῖς γῠᾰ́λοις toîs gŭắlois
Accusative	τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον tò gŭ́ălon	τὼ γῠᾰ́λω tṑ gŭắlō	τᾰ̀ γῠ́ᾰλᾰ tằ gŭ́ălă
Vocative	γῠ́ᾰλον gŭ́ălon	γῠᾰ́λω gŭắlō	γῠ́ᾰλᾰ gŭ́ălă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• γυάλας (guálas)
• γυαλοθώραξ (gualothṓrax)
• γύαλος (gúalos)

Further reading

• “γύαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γύαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “γύαλον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• γύαλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γύαλον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)