γυμνάζω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From γυμνός (gumnós) + -άζω (-ázō).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡym.náz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡymˈna.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈna.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈna.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ʝimˈna.zo/
Verb
[edit]γυμνάζω • (gumnázō)
- (middle voice) to train naked
- (generally) to train
Conjugation
[edit] Present: γυμνᾰ́ζω, γυμνᾰ́ζομαι
Imperfect: ἐγύμνᾰζον, ἐγυμνᾰζόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγύμνᾰζον | ἐγύμνᾰζες | ἐγύμνᾰζε(ν) | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετον | ἐγυμνᾰζέτην | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζομεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετε | ἐγύμνᾰζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγυμνᾰζόμην | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζου | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετο | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζεσθον | ἐγυμνᾰζέσθην | ἐγυμνᾰζόμεθᾰ | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζεσθε | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: γεγύμνᾰκᾰ, γεγύμνᾰσμαι
Pluperfect: ἐγυμνᾰ́κειν, ἐγυμνᾰ́σμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγυμνᾰ́κειν, ἐγυμνᾰ́κη |
ἐγυμνᾰ́κεις, ἐγυμνᾰ́κης |
ἐγυμνᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐγυμνᾰ́κετον | ἐγυμνᾰκέτην | ἐγυμνᾰ́κεμεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́κετε | ἐγυμνᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγυμνᾰ́σμην | ἐγύμνᾰσο | ἐγύμνᾰστο | ἐγύμνᾰσθον | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθην | ἐγυμνᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐγύμνᾰσθε | ἐγυμνᾰ́δᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Further reading
[edit]- γυμνάζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- γυμνάζω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “γυμνάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G1128 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- develop idem, page 220.
- distress idem, page 242.
- drill idem, page 252.
- educate idem, page 262.
- exercise idem, page 291.
- grieve idem, page 373.
- harass idem, page 385.
- harden idem, page 385.
- pain idem, page 588.
- persecute idem, page 607.
- play idem, page 618.
- practise idem, page 631.
- task idem, page 856.
- tax idem, page 857.
- tire idem, page 877.
- torment idem, page 881.
- train idem, page 886.
- try idem, page 899.
- vex idem, page 949.
- waste idem, page 965.
- wear arms idem, page 970.
- weary idem, page 970.
- wring idem, page 993.
- “γυμνάζω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek γυμνάζω (gumnázō). By surface analysis, γυμνός (gymnós) + -άζω (-ázo).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]γυμνάζω • (gymnázo) (past γύμνασα, passive γυμνάζομαι)
- (transitive) to exercise, drill, train, school
- Γυμνάζω πολλές πλούσιες παντρεμένες.
- Gymnázo pollés ploúsies pantreménes.
- I train a lot of rich married women.
- (passive voice) to exercise, to train, to work out (to perform physical activity for health or training)
- Θα έπρεπε να γυμνάζομαι.
- Tha éprepe na gymnázomai.
- I should be working out.
Conjugation
[edit]γυμνάζω γυμνάζομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | γυμνάζω | γυμνάσω | γυμνάζομαι | γυμναστώ |
2 sg | γυμνάζεις | γυμνάσεις | γυμνάζεσαι | γυμναστείς |
3 sg | γυμνάζει | γυμνάσει | γυμνάζεται | γυμναστεί |
1 pl | γυμνάζουμε, [‑ομε] | γυμνάσουμε, [‑ομε] | γυμναζόμαστε | γυμναστούμε |
2 pl | γυμνάζετε | γυμνάσετε | γυμνάζεστε, γυμναζόσαστε | γυμναστείτε |
3 pl | γυμνάζουν(ε) | γυμνάσουν(ε) | γυμνάζονται | γυμναστούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | γύμναζα | γύμνασα | γυμναζόμουν(α) | γυμνάστηκα |
2 sg | γύμναζες | γύμνασες | γυμναζόσουν(α) | γυμνάστηκες |
3 sg | γύμναζε | γύμνασε | γυμναζόταν(ε) | γυμνάστηκε |
1 pl | γυμνάζαμε | γυμνάσαμε | γυμναζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | γυμναστήκαμε |
2 pl | γυμνάζατε | γυμνάσατε | γυμναζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | γυμναστήκατε |
3 pl | γύμναζαν, γυμνάζαν(ε) | γύμνασαν, γυμνάσαν(ε) | γυμνάζονταν, (γυμναζόντουσαν) | γυμνάστηκαν, γυμναστήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα γυμνάζω ➤ | θα γυμνάσω ➤ | θα γυμνάζομαι ➤ | θα γυμναστώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα γυμνάζεις, … | θα γυμνάσεις, … | θα γυμνάζεσαι, … | θα γυμναστείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … γυμνάσει έχω, έχεις, … γυμνασμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
έχω, έχεις, … γυμναστεί είμαι, είσαι, … γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … γυμνάσει είχα, είχες, … γυμνασμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
είχα, είχες, … γυμναστεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … γυμνάσει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … γυμνασμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα έχω, θα έχεις, … γυμναστεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | γύμναζε | γύμνασε | — | γυμνάσου |
2 pl | γυμνάζετε | γυμνάστε | γυμνάζεστε | γυμναστείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | γυμνάζοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας γυμνάσει ➤ | γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | γυμνάσει | γυμναστεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
[edit]- γυμνάσιο n (gymnásio, “middle school”)
- γυμναστήριο n (gymnastírio, “gymnasium”)
- γυμναστής m (gymnastís, “athletic trainer”)
- γυμνάστρια f (gymnástria, “athletic trainer”)
- γυμναστική f (gymnastikí, “exercise, work out, working out, training”)
- γυμνισμός (gymnismós, “naturism”)
- γυμνός (gymnós, “naked”)
- γυμνότητα (gymnótita, “nakedness”)
- and see: γυμνώνω (gymnóno, “I undress, I lay bare”)
Further reading
[edit]- γυμνάζω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -άζω
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms suffixed with -άζω
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'ορίζω'