αἰχμάλωτος

See also: αιχμάλωτος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From αἰχμᾰλόω (aikhmălóō, “to take prisoner”) +‎ -τος (-tos), from αἰχμή (aikhmḗ, “spear, war”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ai̯kʰ.má.lɔː.tos/ → /ɛxˈma.lo.tos/ → /exˈma.lo.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ai̯kʰ.má.lɔː.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛkʰˈma.lo.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɛxˈma.lo.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /exˈma.lo.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /exˈma.lo.tos/

Adjective

αἰχμᾰ́λωτος • (aikhmắlōtos) m or f (neuter αἰχμᾰ́λωτον); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Doric)

1. captured, taken prisoner in war
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.79:

     ἄποινα δὲ ἐστὶ Πελοποννησίοισι δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ’ ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἐκτίνειν.

     ápoina dè estì Peloponnēsíoisi dúo mnéai tetagménai kat’ ándra aikhmálōton ektínein.

     • 1920 translation by A. D. Godley

       Among the Peloponnesians there is a fixed ransom of two minae to be paid for every prisoner.

   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 223

Declension

Second declension of αἰχμᾰ́λωτος; αἰχμᾰ́λωτον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		αἰχμᾰ́λωτος aikhmắlōtos	αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmắlōton		αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmălṓtō	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmălṓtō		αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι aikhmắlōtoi	αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ aikhmắlōtă
Genitive		αἰχμᾰλώτου aikhmălṓtou	αἰχμᾰλώτου aikhmălṓtou		αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmălṓtoin	αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmălṓtoin		αἰχμᾰλώτων aikhmălṓtōn	αἰχμᾰλώτων aikhmălṓtōn
Dative		αἰχμᾰλώτῳ aikhmălṓtōi	αἰχμᾰλώτῳ aikhmălṓtōi		αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmălṓtoin	αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmălṓtoin		αἰχμᾰλώτοις aikhmălṓtois	αἰχμᾰλώτοις aikhmălṓtois
Accusative		αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmắlōton	αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmắlōton		αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmălṓtō	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmălṓtō		αἰχμᾰλώτους aikhmălṓtous	αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ aikhmắlōtă
Vocative		αἰχμᾰ́λωτε aikhmắlōte	αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmắlōton		αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmălṓtō	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmălṓtō		αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι aikhmắlōtoi	αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ aikhmắlōtă
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ (aikhmắlōtă)

Noun

αἰχμᾰ́λωτος • (aikhmắlōtos) m or f (genitive αἰχμᾰλώτου); second declension

1. prisoner of war
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.70.1:

     Οἱ γὰρ Κερκυραῖοι ἐστασίαζον, ἐπειδὴ οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι ἦλθον αὐτοῖς οἱ ἐκ τῶν περὶ Ἐπίδαμνον ναυμαχιῶν ὑπὸ Κορινθίων ἀφεθέντες

     Hoi gàr Kerkuraîoi estasíazon, epeidḕ hoi aikhmálōtoi êlthon autoîs hoi ek tôn perì Epídamnon naumakhiôn hupò Korinthíōn aphethéntes

     • 1881 translation by Benjamin Jowett

       Now Corcyra had been in an unsettled state ever since the return of the prisoners who were taken at sea in the Epidamnian war, and afterwards released by the Corinthians.

Declension

Second declension of ὁ, ἡ αἰχμᾰ́λωτος; τοῦ, τῆς αἰχμᾰλώτου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ αἰχμᾰ́λωτος ho, hē aikhmắlōtos	τὼ αἰχμᾰλώτω tṑ aikhmălṓtō	οἱ, αἱ αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι hoi, hai aikhmắlōtoi
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς αἰχμᾰλώτου toû, tês aikhmălṓtou	τοῖν αἰχμᾰλώτοιν toîn aikhmălṓtoin	τῶν αἰχμᾰλώτων tôn aikhmălṓtōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ αἰχμᾰλώτῳ tôi, têi aikhmălṓtōi	τοῖν αἰχμᾰλώτοιν toîn aikhmălṓtoin	τοῖς, ταῖς αἰχμᾰλώτοις toîs, taîs aikhmălṓtois
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν αἰχμᾰ́λωτον tòn, tḕn aikhmắlōton	τὼ αἰχμᾰλώτω tṑ aikhmălṓtō	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς αἰχμᾰλώτους toùs, tā̀s aikhmălṓtous
Vocative	αἰχμᾰ́λωτε aikhmắlōte	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmălṓtō	αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι aikhmắlōtoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.