Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From πνεῦμᾰ (pneûmă, “breath, vital force, soul”) + ἅγῐος (hágĭos, “holy”), a calque of Hebrew רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (rū́aḥ haqqṓḏeš).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pnêu̯.ma tò há.ɡi.on/ → /ˈpneβ.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/ → /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pnêu̯.ma tò há.ɡi.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpnew.ma to ˈ(h)a.ɡi.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpneβ.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/

Proper noun

Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον • (Pneûmă tò Hágĭon) n (genitive Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου); third declension

1. (Christianity) The Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit.

Declension

Irregular declension of τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον; τοῦ Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον tò Pneûmă tò Hágĭon
Genitive	τοῦ Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου toû Pneúmătos toû Hagĭ́ou
Dative	τῷ Πνεύμᾰτῐ τῷ Ἁγῐ́ῳ tôi Pneúmătĭ tôi Hagĭ́ōi
Accusative	τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον tò Pneûmă tò Hágĭon
Vocative	Πνεῦμᾰ Ἅγῐον Pneûmă Hágĭon
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: Άγιον Πνεύμα (Ágion Pnévma)
• → Latin: Spīritus Sānctus, spīritus sānctus (calque)
  • → Old English: Hāliġ Gāst (calque)
    • Middle English: holigost
      • English: Holy Ghost
    • → Old High German: heilagēr geist (calque)
      • Middle High German: heileger geist
        • German: Heiliger Geist
  • → Finnish: Pyhä Henki (calque)