šokti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Latvian sākt (“to begin, to start”), with further origin unclear. The traditional connection to Ancient Greek κηκῐ́ς (kēkís, “ooze”) is rejected by Beekes (see there for more).[1] Otherwise, frequently connected with Old Church Slavonic скакати, скачѫ (skakati, skačǫ, “hop, jump”), скочити (skočiti, “jump, leap”), Proto-Germanic *skehaną (“spring up, emerge”). If so, we could be looking at a Proto-Indo-European s-mobile *(s)ḱeh₂k-, *(s)ḱoh₂k-,[2] with the palatovelar present in the Baltic forms (< *śoˀk-) being neutralised after s in Slavic (< *skoˀk-).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]šókti (third-person present tense šóka, third-person past tense šóko)
- jump, leap
- hop, skip (move by jumping)
- run about, work a lot; (with apiẽ + accusative) fuss, pander to someone's needs
- spring up, appear suddenly; act, set about suddenly
- dance (move in rhythm to music)
Declension
[edit]Conjugation of šokti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
šóku | šóki | šóka | šókame, šókam |
šókate, šókat |
šóka | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
šókau | šókai | šóko | šókome, šókom |
šókote, šókot |
šóko | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
šókdavau | šókdavai | šókdavo | šókdavome, šókdavom |
šókdavote, šókdavot |
šókdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
šóksiu | šóksi | šóks | šóksime, šóksim |
šóksite, šóksit |
šóks | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
šókčiau | šóktum, šóktumei |
šóktų | šóktumėme, šóktumėm, šóktume |
šóktumėte, šóktumėt |
šóktų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | šók, šóki |
tešóka, tešókie |
šókime, šókim |
šókite, šókit |
tešóka, tešókie | ||
Participles of šokti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | šókąs, šókantis | šókamas | |
| past | šókęs | šóktas | |
| past frequentative | šókdavęs | — | |
| future | šóksiąs, šóksiantis | šóksimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | šóktinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | šókdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | šókant | |
| past | šókus | ||
| past frequentative | šókdavus | ||
| future | šóksiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | šókte, šóktinai | ||
Derived terms
[edit]terms derived from šokti
prefixed forms of šokti
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “šokti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454
- ^ Miguel Villanueva Svensson (2009) 'Indo-European *sk̑ in Balto-Slavic languages', Baltistica, Volume XLIV(1), pages 5–24