īss

See also: iss, ISS, íss, İSS, -iss, and -iss-

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *isas, *insas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to move fast, forcefully, to drive”) (from earlier “to hit, to move, to drive”). This root may have resulted from metathesis of *sey- (“to extend one's arms; strain, strength”), whence sist (“to hit”). Semantic development: “to hit, to move” > “to knock down, to reduce (with a blow)” > “made smaller, shorter” (participle). Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal įsas, Old Prussian insan (accusative), Sanskrit ईषत् (iṣát, “a little, a few”) (< *isn̥t).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [îːs]

Adjective

īss (definite īsais, comparative īsāks, superlative visīsākais, adverb īsi)

1. short (having relatively little length, less than average length)

   īsas piedurknes ― short sleeves

   īsa pātaga ― short whip

   īsi svārki ― short skirt

   īsie viļņi, īsviļņi ― shortwaves

   īss stāsts, dzejolis — short story, poem

2. short, laconic

   īsos vārdos ― in short, in sum, briefly (lit. in short words)

3. short, brief (lasting relatively little time, having relatively little duration; syn. neilgs)

   pēc īsiem saules mirkļiem ― after brief moments of sun(shine)

   ziemas dienas ir īsas ― winter days are short

   īsa izrāde ― short show

   īss koncerts ― short concert

   īsa saruna ― short conversation

4. short (which goes, ends quickly, insufficiently long)

   dzīve taču ir tik īsa kā decembra diena ― but life is as short as a December day

   bišu mūžs ir īss, tikai daži mēneši ― bee life is short, only a few months

5. (of feelings, states, relations) short-lived, insufficient

   mana laime bija īsa ― my happiness was short

6. (phonetics, phonology) short (pronounced with relatively little duration)

   īss patskanis ― short vowel

   īsa zilbe ― short syllable

7. short, brief (lasting only a few moments)

   īss svilpiens ― short whistle

   īsa skaņa, nopūta ― short sound, sigh

8. (of motion) short, quick (small, but fast)

   ar īsu žestu tas aicināja viņu apsēsties sev pretim ― with a short, quick gesture that one invited him to sit down next to him

Declension

Indefinite declension nenoteiktā galotne) of īss

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular	plural		singular	plural
nominative	īss	īsi		īsa	īsas
genitive	īsa	īsu		īsas	īsu
dative	īsam	īsiem		īsai	īsām
accusative	īsu	īsus		īsu	īsas
instrumental	īsu	īsiem		īsu	īsām
locative	īsā	īsos		īsā	īsās
vocative	—	—		—	—

Definite declension (noteiktā galotne) of īss

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular	plural		singular	plural
nominative	īsais	īsie		īsā	īsās
genitive	īsā	īso		īsās	īso
dative	īsajam	īsajiem		īsajai	īsajām
accusative	īso	īsos		īso	īsās
instrumental	īso	īsajiem		īso	īsajām
locative	īsajā	īsajos		īsajā	īsajās
vocative	īso, īsais	īsie		īso, īsā	īsās

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “of space”): garš
• (antonym(s) of “of time”): ilgs

Derived terms

• īsināt
• īsums
• īsviļņi, īsie viļņi