þrjóta

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse þrjóta, from Proto-Germanic *uzþreutaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθrjouːta/

  Rhymes: -ouːta

Verb

þrjóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative þraut, third-person plural past indicative non-existent, supine þrotið)

1. to dwindle, be used up, exhausted, spent
2. (impersonal) to cause to be at an end [with accusative ‘someone’] (idiomatically translated as "be at an end" with the accusative object as the subject)
3. (impersonal) to exhaust, to cause to become exhausted (to be unable to continue, having spent one’s energy, etc.) (idiomatically translated as "be/become exhausted" with the accusative object as the subject)

Conjugation

þrjóta — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að þrjóta
supine (sagnbót)		þrotið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		þrjótandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég þrýt	við þrjótum	present (nútíð)	ég þrjóti	við þrjótum
	þú þrýtur	þið þrjótið		þú þrjótir	þið þrjótið
	hann, hún, það þrýtur	þeir, þær, þau þrjóta		hann, hún, það þrjóti	þeir, þær, þau þrjóti
past (þátíð)	ég þraut	við þrutum	past (þátíð)	ég þryti	við þrytum
	þú þraust	þið þrutuð		þú þrytir	þið þrytuð
	hann, hún, það þraut	þeir, þær, þau þrutu		hann, hún, það þryti	þeir, þær, þau þrytu
imperative (boðháttur)	þrjót (þú)	þrjótið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	þrjóttu	þrjótiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

þrotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	þrotinn	þrotin	þrotið		þrotnir	þrotnar	þrotin
accusative (þolfall)	þrotinn	þrotna	þrotið		þrotna	þrotnar	þrotin
dative (þágufall)	þrotnum	þrotinni	þrotnu		þrotnum	þrotnum	þrotnum
genitive (eignarfall)	þrotins	þrotinnar	þrotins		þrotinna	þrotinna	þrotinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	þrotni	þrotna	þrotna		þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu
accusative (þolfall)	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotna		þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu
dative (þágufall)	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotna		þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu
genitive (eignarfall)	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotna		þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu

Derived terms

• þrjóta erindið (“to give up from exhaustion”)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þreutaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to harass”).

Verb

þrjóta (singular past indicative þraut, plural past indicative þrutu, past participle þrotinn)

1. (impersonal) to cause to run out of, to cause to run short of, to exhaust [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’] (idiomatically translated as "run out of" with the animate accusative object as the subject)

   en er hann þraut ørendit

   when breath failed him

   (literally, “when it exhausted him of breath”)

   Hrapp þraut vistir í hafi

   Hrapp ran out of food at sea

2. (impersonal, figurative) to cause to become exhausted [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’] (idiomatically translated as "become exhausted" with the animate accusative object as the subject)

   mara þraut óra

   our steeds were exhausted

Conjugation

Conjugation of þrjóta — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	þrjóta
present participle	þrjótandi
past participle	þrotinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	þrýt	þraut
2nd-person singular	þrýtr	þrauzt
3rd-person singular	þrýtr	þraut
1st-person plural	þrjótum	þrutum
2nd-person plural	þrjótið	þrutuð
3rd-person plural	þrjóta	þrutu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	þrjóta	þryta
2nd-person singular	þrjótir	þrytir
3rd-person singular	þrjóti	þryti
1st-person plural	þrjótim	þrytim
2nd-person plural	þrjótið	þrytið
3rd-person plural	þrjóti	þryti
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	þrjót
1st-person plural	þrjótum
2nd-person plural	þrjótið

Conjugation of þrjóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	þrjótask
present participle	þrjótandisk
past participle	þrotizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	þrjótumk	þrutumk
2nd-person singular	þrýzk	þrauzk
3rd-person singular	þrýzk	þrauzk
1st-person plural	þrjótumsk	þrutumsk
2nd-person plural	þrjótizk	þrutuzk
3rd-person plural	þrjótask	þrutusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	þrjótumk	þrytumk
2nd-person singular	þrjótisk	þrytisk
3rd-person singular	þrjótisk	þrytisk
1st-person plural	þrjótimsk	þrytimsk
2nd-person plural	þrjótizk	þrytizk
3rd-person plural	þrjótisk	þrytisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	þrjózk
1st-person plural	þrjótumsk
2nd-person plural	þrjótizk

Related terms

• þraut f
• þreyta (þreyttr (“tired”))
• þrot n (“exhaustion”)
• þrotna

Descendants

• Icelandic: þrjóta
• Faroese: tróta
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: tryte
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tryta, tryte
• Old Swedish: þrȳta
  • Swedish: tryta
• Old Danish: tryde
  • ⇒ Old Danish: fortryde
    • Danish: fortryde

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “þrjóta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 517; also available at the [https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857

1. page/517 Internet Archive]